Phytomorph Identification of the Codex Cruz-Badianus
The Codex Cruz-Badianus contains 185 phytomorphs separated into 13 chapters based on medical disorders, as explained in Chap. 1. Each image is labeled with its folio number followed by r (recto) or v (verso) and a number from 1 to 11 when there is more th
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Phytomorph Identification of the Codex Cruz-Badianus
The Codex Cruz-Badianus contains 185 phytomorphs separated into 13 chapters based on medical disorders, as explained in Chap. 1. Each image is labeled with its folio number followed by r (recto) or v (verso) and a number from 1 to 11 when there is more than one image per folio. Emmart (1940) reported only 184 illustrations, and we assume that folio 56v1 and 56v2 (two intertwined plants) were incorrectly listed as one illustration even though two Nahuatl names are attached. A letter from Eugene Tisserat to William Gates, dated July 26, 1933, listed charges for illustrations by his niece Marie-Thérèse Vuillemin for “185 flowers” (Gates 2000). A number of other folios (14v, 18v, 32r, 44r, 51v, 54r, 59r) contain superimposed images. The phytomorphs are those found in Emmart (1940), which were based on the Vuillemin illustrations. Of the 185 phytomorphs, 157 contain inflorescences or fruits generally essential for precise identification; 28 are vegetative. The roots tend to be stylized, but rhizomes are emphasized. Some of the phytomorphs have symbolic clues (see Fig. 1.3). All the individual phytomorphs are associated with Nahuatl names, but these are not definitive because many names are generic and refer to more than one species. The phytomorphs are discussed in sequence based on folio numbers derived from Clayton et al. (2009). The folio numbers are difficult to discern in Emmart (1940), who used plate numbers, and these are also provided for each folio with figures. Each identification is divided into seven subsections: Nahuatl name: the name printed in red above the phytomorph, followed by its translation by Emmart (1940) and Clayton et al. (2009); alternative spellings may be added Description: using appropriate botanical vocabulary Previous identifications: based on the literature, which is cited Putative identification: based primarily on morphology of the image, using appropriate botanical nomenclature Distribution: range and ecology Names: common names, usually English, Spanish, or Nahuatl Uses: medicinal, culinary, and other uses of these and related species © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 A. O. Tucker, J. Janick, Flora of the Codex Cruz-Badianus, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46959-7_2
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2 Phytomorph Identification of the Codex Cruz-Badianus
These are followed by a photograph of the figure of each of the 185 phytomorphs, coupled with a photograph, drawing, or herbarium sheet of the putative species. The figure captions provide the folio number and the putative botanical name and family. The reliability and accuracy of identification will be explained in the text. Species in doubt will be associated with a question mark (?). The nomenclature follows our interpretation of the cited revisions, and/or the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (USDA, ARS 2015), and/or the collaboration of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and the Missouri Botanical Garden (Plant List 2013). The folio numbers are found in Cruz and Badiano (1964) and
