Phytoremediation using genetically engineered plants to remove metals: a review
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REVIEW
Phytoremediation using genetically engineered plants to remove metals: a review Ibrahim Ilker Ozyigit1,2 · Hasan Can3 · Ilhan Dogan4 Received: 20 December 2019 / Accepted: 8 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Contamination by heavy metals including As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni and Zn in agricultural fields is a global safety issue. Indeed, excessive accumulations of metals have detrimental effects on life by altering cell components such as lipids, proteins, enzymes and DNA. Phytoremediation appears as a solution to remove metals from contaminated sites, yet metal uptake is usually low in most common plants. Therefore, genetically engineered plants have been designed for higher efficiency of metal accumulation. Here, we review metal phytoremediation by genetically engineered plants with focus on metal uptake and transport, mechanisms involving phytochelatin and metallothionein proteins, toxicity, plant species, methods of gene transfer and gene editing. Keywords Transgenics · Heavy metals · Contamination · Metal transporters · Uptake and accumulation · Plants · Toxicity · Environmental friendly Abbreviations AtPCs1 Arabidopsis thaliana phytochelatin synthase 1 AtACBP1 Arabidopsis thaliana acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 1 bphC Biphenyl-2,3-diol 1,2-dioxygenase cad1–3 Arabidopsis thaliana knockout mutant for phytochelatin synthase 1 CarMT Cicer arietinum metallothionein CCoAOMT Caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase CePCs Caenorhabditis elegans phytochelatin synthase 1 * Ibrahim Ilker Ozyigit [email protected]; [email protected] * Hasan Can [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, 34722 Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, 720038 Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
3
Department of Field Crops and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, 720038 Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
4
Vocational School of Health Services at Akyazi, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, 54400 Sakarya, Turkey
chv Chromosomal virulence CKX2 Cytokinin dehydrogenase 2 COR15a Cold regulated 15 a promoter IlMT2b Iris lactea var. chinensis metallothionein 2b Lm-SAP Lobularia maritima stress-associated protein MAN3 Endo-1,4-β-Mannanase 3 merC Mercury transporter Met Metallothionein MsYSL Miscanthus sacchariflorus yellow stripe-like OsARM1 Oryza sativa arsenite-responsive myeloblastosis 1 OsMyb4 Oryza sativa myeloblastosis 4 OsMT2c Oryza sativa metallothionein 2c PCs1 Phytochelatin synthase 1 PtoHMA5 Populus tomentosa heavy metal ATPase 5 PtPCs Populus tomentosa phytochelatin synthase PjHMT Prosopis juliflora heavy metal ATPase peptide PtoEXPA12 Populus tomentosa alpha expansin 12 PtPCs Populus tomentosa phytochelatin synthase ricMT Rice metallothionein
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SaCAD Sedum alfredii cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase SsMT2 Suaeda salsa m
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