Pilot Examination of the Efficacy of the Internet-Delivered, Preoperative, Preparation Program (I-PPP)
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Pilot Examination of the Efficacy of the Internet‑Delivered, Preoperative, Preparation Program (I‑PPP) Kristi D. Wright1 · Jinsoo Kim1 · Chelsy R. D. Ratcliffe2 · Kirstie L. Walker1 · Donald Sharpe1 · Stuart Wilson3 · Mateen Raazi4 Accepted: 11 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Limited evidence-based, interactive, Internet-delivered preoperative preparation programs for children and their parents exist. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the Internet-delivered, preoperative program (I-PPP) in alleviating anxiety in children undergoing outpatient surgery delivered alone (I-PPP) and in conjunction with parental presence (I-PPP + parent) to treatment as usual (TAU). 104 children undergoing day surgery procedures at a local hospital and their parents/guardians participated. Primary outcome measures: (a) observer-rated child anxiety and (b) induction compliance. Results demonstrated an interaction between the I-PPP and TAU groups over time, F(1, 64) = 5.11, p = .027, partial η2p = .07. At anesthetic induction, the I-PPP group demonstrated lower observer-rated anxiety than TAU, F(1, 64) = 4.72, p = .034, η2p = .07. I-PPP group demonstrated the best anesthesia induction compliance, F(1, 64) = 4.84, p = .031, η2p = .07. Our findings demonstrate that the I-PPP is an efficacious preoperative preparation intervention for children. The ‘real-world’ uptake and integration of the I-PPP into pediatric preoperative settings require exploration going forward. Trial retrospectively registered March 2019 (Open Science Registration https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/2x8rg). Keywords Preoperative anxiety · Children · mYPAS · I-PPP · Parents * Kristi D. Wright [email protected] Jinsoo Kim [email protected] Chelsy R. D. Ratcliffe [email protected] Kirstie L. Walker [email protected] Donald Sharpe [email protected] Stuart Wilson [email protected] Mateen Raazi [email protected] 1
Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
2
Operating Room, Royal University Hospital, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
3
Department of Economics, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
4
Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
Introduction Preoperative anxiety is experienced in upwards of 65% of children (Davidson & McKenzie, 2011). Elevated preoperative anxiety is associated with a host of negative behaviors and experiences during the day surgery experience as well as post-surgery (Wright, Stewart, Finley, & Buffett-Jerrott, 2007). Researchers and clinicians have endeavored to develop efficacious methods to address or prevent preoperative anxiety in children (Yip, Middleton, Cyna, & Carlyle, 2009; Strom, 2012). However, traditional (i.e., face-to-face), well-designed, comprehensive programs integrating evidence-based components (e.g., par
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