Pilot-Scale Unit for Supercritical Water Gasification of Organic Matter
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Pilot‑Scale Unit for Supercritical Water Gasification of Organic Matter Marek Šváb1 · Eliška Purkarová2 Received: 13 May 2020 / Accepted: 26 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This study describes the construction of an experimental continuous pilot-scale facility for supercritical water gasification of organic matter. The continuous pilot plant (flow rate 1 kg/min) is described in technical detail. The typical course of the heating-up phase of the supercritical loop is discussed, including observed temperature—specific comportment near/beyond the critical point (380–400 °C). This specific comportment made it very difficult to switch the loop on to the supercritical conditions. Heat recuperation in the loop equipped with a 12 m tube in the tube heat exchanger reached 67–73%. Finally, the gasification experiments with model compounds confirmed both TOC decrease in water and gas production (hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, higher hydrocarbons). Carbon conversion efficiency reached a maximum of 24% (547 °C, 24.5 MPa, 12 s residence time) in the case of propan-2-ol with initial concentration of 41.8 g/L with the addition of 5 g/L of potassium carbonate. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Supercritical water · Gasification · Pilot-scale unit · Heat recuperation
Statement of Novelty Supercritical water gasification is both an attractive research topic and a promising technology. Its technical requirements, however, lead to the need for very demanding experimental apparatuses. This is why the majority of researches are carried out only on a very small laboratory scale. On the contrary, this article provides unique data from a continuous scaled-up facility with a flow rate of 1 kg/min. Such data are simply unavailable in the literature. There are only a few similar facilities in the world and their owners usually * Marek Šváb [email protected] 1
Dekonta Ltd., Dřetovice 109, 273 42 Stehelčeves, Czech Republic
University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
2
do not share too many results. The disclosed data include a detailed description of the facility design, heat recuperation efficiency, temperature anomalies around the water critical point and model substrates’ gasification efficiency.
Introduction Supercritical water (SCW) is water heated under pressure to above its critical point (T > 374 °C, P > 22.1 MPa). SCW is a very interesting medium for various applications, including chemical reactions, such as the conversion of complex organic substrates to simple gases (supercritical water gasification, SCWG) [1]. SCWG is often considered a promising technology to convert (residual) organics present in aqueous biomass/waste streams with high water content to high heating value product gases (e.g. H2, CH4, CO) and
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water [2]. There is also another supercritical technology for waste destruction, known as supercritical water oxidation (SCWO). However, SCWO cannot be compared with SCWG technology, due to diff
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