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Piracy and Privateering in the Golden Age Netherlands

Virginia West Lunsford

PIRACY AND PRIVATEERING IN THE GOLDEN AGE NETHERLANDS

© Virginia West Lunsford, 2005. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2005 978-1-4039-6692-6 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2005 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-52980-3

ISBN 978-1-4039-7938-4 (eBook)

DOI 10.1057/9781403979384 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lunsford, Virginia West. Piracy and privateering in the golden age Netherlands / Virginia West Lunsford. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Privateering—Netherlands—History—17th century. 2. Pirates— Netherlands—History—17th century. 3. Netherlands—History, Naval. I. Title. DJ158.L86 2004 910.4⬘5—dc22 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: May 2005 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

2004061772

To Beatrice, Jackson, and Greta

Contents

Acknowledgments

ix

List of Abbreviations

xi

Glossary

xiii

List of Figures

xv

Chronology

xvii

Introduction

1 Part I

The Dutch Sea Robber Defined

1. Kapers and Commissievaarders: The Dutch Privateer 2. A “Malicious Business”: Piracy in the Dutch Republic Part II Cultural Underpinnings 3. Collective Identity, Nationalism, and the Golden Age Netherlands 4. Piracy, the Dutch, and the Seventeenth-Century Seas Part III

Conclusions

7 9 35 65 67 101 139

5. Prizes and “Excesses”: The Golden Age Pirate

141

6. The Dutch Freebooter in the Golden Age

177

Appendices

211

Appendix I

Sample Privateer Instructions

213

Appendix II

Income of Amsterdam Privateers and Their Rederijen

217

Appendix III

Some Dutch Privateer Captures

219

viii

Contents

Appendix IV Privateering Activity Sponsored by the Admiralty of the Maas

227

Appendix V

229

“Slave Roll” of Dutch Sailors

Appendix VI Origins of the Barbary Corsairs

233

Notes

235

Bibliography

311

Index

349

Acknowledgments

T

here is not space enough to convey my deep sense of appreciation for the help and encouragement I have received on this project. While all errors and faulty reasoning are my own, any positive qualities this book contains stem directly from the generous assistance I have received from others. I offer my heartfelt thanks to the following individuals and institutions who have made its completion possible. My research i