Plant-based meat analogues: from niche to mainstream
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Plant‑based meat analogues: from niche to mainstream Fatma Boukid1 Received: 15 August 2020 / Revised: 29 September 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Meat analogues are gradually moving from niche to mainstream products. These products are gaining popularity due to surging consumer demand for plant-based products as “better for you” and “better for the planet” alternatives. In this frame, this review aimed to provide the current and forthcoming challenges for meat analogues industry by addressing their market growth drivers, formulation, the pros and cons of conventional and innovative processing, safety and healthiness as well as consumers’ perception and acceptance. Despite the significant improvements made in the flavor and texture of plant-based meat analogues, food industries still have difficulties in delivering the right sensory experience and there is increased request for sustainable, nutritious and clean label ingredients. For shaping the future of plant-based meat analogues, the main driver is sustainable nutrition through prompting further improvements in formulation [by enhancing proteins functionally (pre/ post-processing) and healthiness (blending plant proteins with tailored nutritional makeup and reducing salt contents)] and processing [by finding solutions to their “processed” and “ultra-processed” nature]. In the future, meat analogue companies will keep pushing the boundaries to mimic meat experience (by improving taste and healthiness) as well as reduce product price and increase product convenience. Keywords Plant proteins · Health · Nutrition · Sustainability · Consumer acceptance
Introduction Meat is an important component of the daily diet providing essential elements for human body including protein, fats, vitamins, and minerals [1]. The global meat market is estimated to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 7.35% during the forecast period 2020–2025 [2]. Nevertheless, meat consumption patterns are unpredictable due to constant changes in consumer behavior towards meat [3–5]. Several factors can influence consumer decision including price, appearance, convenience, quality, safety, social, individual, economic, and cultural aspects [3–6]. In the recent years, shift in preferences towards the consumption of plant-based products has been evident since health conscious consumers are seeking safe and healthy products [5]. Despite the health benefits of meat consumption, a diet rich in meat can be related to human issues due to the high content of cholesterol * Fatma Boukid [email protected] 1
Food Safety Programme, Food Industry Area, Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (IRTA), Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17121 Monells, Catalonia, Spain
and saturated fatty acids [7, 8]. However, plant-based diets were reported to be cost-effective and with reduced risk towards cardiovascular disease, blood pressure, diabetes, and mortality [9–11]. Media also contributed in changing the dietary
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