Plant Growth-Promoting Actinomycetes: Mass Production, Delivery Systems, and Commercialization
The present global scenario demands researchers to come up with superior technological alternatives to chemical fertilizers and pesticides to enhance grain yield and to increase the quality and quantity of food grains as indiscriminate use of these synthe
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Plant Growth-Promoting Actinomycetes: Mass Production, Delivery Systems, and Commercialization K.R.K. Reddy, G. Jyothi, Ch. Sowjanya, K. Kusumanjali, N. Malathi, and K.R.N. Reddy
Abstract
The present global scenario demands researchers to come up with superior technological alternatives to chemical fertilizers and pesticides to enhance grain yield and to increase the quality and quantity of food grains as indiscriminate use of these synthetic inputs has largely affected soil, groundwater, agricultural commodities, animals, and plants. Possible alternatives could be the use of nontoxic and environmentally friendly microbial-based products/formulations for agriculture, maintaining a safe environment and creating a healthy society. Rhizospheric microbes, particularly actinomycetes, have drawn huge attention due to its ability in plant growth promotion and disease and insect pest control, without having any detrimental effect on the environment. The aim of this chapter is to provide handful information on mass production techniques, delivery systems, and commercialization of actinomycete-based products globally. Keywords
Plant growth promotion • Actinomycetes • Mass production/ multiplication • Delivery systems • Commercialization
19.1
Introduction
Actinomycetes are a widely distributed group of microorganisms in nature, and its distribution has been observed in several plant rhizospheres by many authors (El-Naggar et al. 2006; Khamna K.R.K. Reddy (*) • G. Jyothi • Ch. Sowjanya • K. Kusumanjali • N. Malathi • K.R.N. Reddy R&D Center, Sri Biotech Laboratories India Limited, Hyderabad 500 034, Telangana, India e-mail: [email protected]
et al. 2009; Abd-Alla et al. 2013; Dalal and Kulkarni 2014). Actinomycetes are also known as saprophytic soil inhabitants (Takizawa et al. 1993). Many of the actinomycete strains existing in soil belong to the genus Streptomyces (Goodfellow and Simpson 1987; Suzuki et al. 2000), and more than 60% of the sources of antifungal and antibacterial compounds or plant growth-promoting (PGP) substances that have been used for agricultural purposes originated from this genus (Alam et al. 2012).
# Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 G. Subramaniam et al. (eds.), Plant Growth Promoting Actinobacteria, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-0707-1_19
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Serious efforts worldwide in the search of natural products for crop nutrition and crop protection have progressed significantly and found that the genus Streptomyces appears to be a potential candidate to discover new approaches for agricultural use (Behal 2000). Soil actinomycetes particularly Streptomyces sp. enhance soil fertility and have antagonistic activity against a wide range of soilborne plant pathogens (Aghighi et al. 2004). Actinomycetes are widely efficient in the control of plant pathogens and play an important role in the decomposition of organic material and production of secondary metabolites for pharmacological and commercial interest (Colombo et al. 2001). Two-thirds of natural antibiotics have been isolated from the genu
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