Plasma pyrolysis and gasification of carambola leaves using non-thermal arc plasma
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Plasma pyrolysis and gasification of carambola leaves using non‑thermal arc plasma Xiaowei Cai1 · Xiange Wei1 · Jiao Wu1 · Jiamin Ding2 · Changming Du1,2 Received: 20 March 2020 / Revised: 18 July 2020 / Accepted: 30 July 2020 / Published online: 28 August 2020 © Zhejiang University Press 2020
Abstract Soil pollution (heavy metals and organic matter) is becoming more and more serious, phytoremediation has rapidly become a highly important method to deal with this problem. Therefore, the treatment and disposal of hyperaccumulators have been a topic of concern. In this paper, carambola leaves are selected as feedstock considering that carambola is a potential hyperaccumulator. A series of tests were performed to discuss 6 main influencing factors on total gas yield and metal fixing using a non-thermal arc plasma setup, to investigate the feasibility of plasma treatment of hyperaccumulator and provide a new method to utilize the harvested hyperaccumulator. The maximum total gas yield reached approximately 85% at an airflow rate of 3 L/min, the processing time of 7 min, discharge power of 29.95 W with the addition of water (water: sample = 1:1). A reducing or inert carrier gas or the addition of some specific inorganic additives at optimal conditions were in favor of increasing metal fixing efficiency. However, the effects of these factors usually have two sides, and some factors may have conflicting effects between gas yield and metal fixing, and. It is necessary to optimize these factors for achieving the desired goal. The obtained solid products exhibit the potential to fix metals and act as activated carbon. Keywords Non-thermal plasma · Hyperaccumulator · Carambola leaves · Pyrolysis · Gasification
Introduction Soil heavy metal pollution mainly results from sewage irrigation [1], untreated domestic sewage effluent [2], mines [3, 4], and metal smelter [5, 6], as well as large-scale use of phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer [7], atmospheric particulate matter deposition [8]. These important sources of soil contamination lead to heavy metals remaining in the soil for very long periods, which harm the environment and human health. Therefore, several technologies dedicated to the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, mainly including physical remediation (i.e. soil replacement, isolation, vitrification, and electrokinetic remediation), chemical remediation (i.e. immobilization, encapsulation, and soil * Xiange Wei [email protected] * Changming Du [email protected] 1
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun YatSen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Taizhou Institute of Zhejiang University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
2
washing), biological remediation (i.e. phytoremediation and microbial assisted phytoremediation) [9]. Generally, immobilization, soil washing, and phytoremediation techniques are regarded as the best demonstrated available technologies for cleaning up heavy metal contaminated sites [10]. Phytoremediation is an emerging and eco-friendly green e
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