Plasmodesmata the Nano Bridges in Plant Cell: Are the Answer for All the Developmental Processes?
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Plasmodesmata the Nano Bridges in Plant Cell: Are the Answer for All the Developmental Processes? A. Choudharya,*, A. Kumara, N. Kaura, and A. Paula aDepartment
of Botany, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, Ludhiana-141004 India *e-mail: [email protected]
Received October 28, 2019; revised December 25, 2019; accepted February 17, 2020
Abstract—Plants establish tiny, cellular signaling pathways playing a unique coordination role in growth and development. Plasmodesmata are playing a central role in the formation of domain, which regulates the cellular network and trafficking of molecules required to create gradient for physiological and developmental processes. The plasmodesmal trafficking provides a novel tool for studying the informational molecules to control the processes such as embryo development, root nodule formation, flower development and stomata growth and differentiation, and other cellular differentiation. Finally, comprehensive role of plasmodesmata as nano bridges for communication in signaling within plant tissue is detailed. This review paper highlights the developmental processes that are tightly coordinated by plasmodesmata and the role of molecular signals that explains how these are altered. Keywords: plants, communication, coordination, developmental stages, differentiation, plasmodesmata, movement proteins, non-autonomous trafficking, signaling pathway and size exclusion limit DOI: 10.1134/S1021443720050039
INTRODUCTION With the multicellularity in organisms like plants and animals, the autonomous control undergoes transition to non-autonomous control for self-evolution, and this is extremely complex. The non-autonomous control in plants is highly regulated and maintained by Abbreviation: AG—AGAMOUS; AHP6—ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN 6; AN3—ANGUSTIFOLIA3; AP3—APETALA3; ARR7—ARABDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 7; ATBG—ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA Β-1, 3-GLUCANASE; ATBG PPAP—ATBG PUTATIVE PLASMODESMATAL ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; CALS—CALLOSE SYNTHASE; CETS—CENTRORADIALIS TERMINAL FLOWER 1 SELFPRUNING; CLA—CLAVATA; CPC— CARPRICE; DEF—DEFICIENS; D14—DWARF14; EGL3— ENHANDER OF GLABRA3; ETC2/3—ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC2/3; FT—FLOWERING LOCUS T; FTL2— FT-LIKE 2; GFP—GREEN FLOURESCENT PROTEIN; GL3—GLABRA3; HDA3—HEADING DATE 3; ISE1— INCREASE SIZE EXCLUSION LIMIT 1; KN1—KNOTTED 1; LFY—LEAFY; LYCH—LUCIFER YELLOW CARBOHYDRAZIDE; LYM—LYSINE MOTIF; PDBGS—PLASMODESMATAL LOCALIZED Β-1,3-GLUCANASE; PDCB1— PLASMODESMATA CALLOSE BINDING PROTEIN 1; PHB—PHABLOSA; PHV—PHAVOLUTA; PI—PISTILLATA; REV/IFL1—REVOLUTA/INTERFASCICULARIS FIBERLESS 1; SEL—SIZE EXCLUSION LIMIT; SAM—SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM; SEP3—SEPELLATA3; SFT—SINGEL FLOWER TRUSS; SUC3—SUCROSE3; TFL1—TERMINAL FLOWER 1; TMO7—TARGET OF MONOPYEROS 7; TSF—TWIN SISTER OF FT; TTG1—TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1; WER—WEREWOLF.
specific elements, which may either be active or passive in their function. These small elements are regarded as passive channels known as plasmodesmata. Plasmodesmata are the central keyst
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