Platinum Metals in the Environment
This edited volume presents new data and insights from the most internationally respected PGE experts, representing a variety of disciplines ranging from chemistry, geochemistry, biology, environmental science to toxicology and environmental health. It bu
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Fathi Zereini Clare L.S. Wiseman Editors
Platinum Metals in the Environment
Environmental Science and Engineering Environmental Science
Series editors Rod Allan, Burlington, Canada Ulrich Förstner, Hamburg, Germany Wim Salomons, Haren, The Netherlands
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/3234
Fathi Zereini Clare L.S. Wiseman •
Editors
Platinum Metals in the Environment
123
Editors Fathi Zereini Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
ISSN 1431-6250 ISBN 978-3-662-44558-7 DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-44559-4
Clare L.S. Wiseman School of the Environment University of Toronto Toronto Canada
ISBN 978-3-662-44559-4
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014951052 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
Platinum group elements (PGE) naturally occur at trace concentrations in most surficial environments. Anthropogenic uses and emissions of PGE are now changing the environmental concentrations and biogeochemical cycle of these elements. Automobile catalysts, which were introduced in the 1970s, represent the largest PG
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