Platinum Recovery from Hydrometallurgical Residue of Waste Automotive Catalysts Processing by High-Temperature Smelting
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Platinum Recovery from Hydrometallurgical Residue of Waste Automotive Catalysts Processing by High-Temperature Smelting Process Chuan Liu 1 & Shuchen Sun 1 & Xiaoping Zhu 1,2 & Ganfeng Tu 1 Received: 29 April 2020 / Accepted: 2 October 2020 # Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration Inc. 2020
Abstract The hydrometallurgical residue generated during the hydrometallurgical processing of waste automotive catalysts is valuable as a secondary resource. In this study, a process of platinum recovery from the hydrometallurgical residue by high-temperature smelting process was proposed. Results of lab- and pilot-scale experiments show a high recovery of more than 98% of platinum and glass slag was successfully obtained by controlling the Fe3O4 addition, C/Fe3O4 mass ratio, CaO/SiO2 mass ratio, smelting temperature, and holding time at 15 wt%, 0.4, 0.6, 1500 °C, and 120 or 60 min, respectively. Results from the pilot-scale show that the platinum contents in the glass slag and alloys were less than 4 g/t and more than 0.6 wt%, respectively. Therefore, the process proposed in this study is a prospective and effective approach for reutilization of hydrometallurgical residue containing platinum. Keywords Platinum recovery . Glass slag . Hydrometallurgical residue . Waste automotive catalysts . High-temperature smelting
1 Introduction Due to the rapid development brought on by the second industrial revolution in the last century, the quality of human life and the efficiency of everyday tasks have been considerably improved. Automotive vehicles, for example, are symbolic products of the second industrial revolution and have been widely incorporated into the daily lives of every family. However, the number of scrapped vehicles has also been increasing rapidly owing to both intentional (service life) and unintentional reasons (car accidents) [1]. For example, China is expected to have approximately 260 million registered cars and 12 million scrapped cars in 2020 [1, 2]. It must be mentioned that these scrapped vehicles are precious secondary resources themselves, with lots of valuable materials such as ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, plastics, and electronics that can be recycled; this would not only deliver significant
* Shuchen Sun [email protected] 1
School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
2
School of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
economic benefits but also promote environmental protection [3–5]. In particular, waste automotive catalysts are one of the most significant parts of end-of-life vehicles with respect to their economic and environmental values as they are composed of precious metals and carriers; precious metals such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium account for most of the value [6, 7]. Although platinum group metals (PGMs) in the support carriers of scrapped cars would have lost their catalytic performance, their excellent chemical and thermal stability allow them to be stored inside the carriers, which can be recycled an
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