PM 2.5 exposure and DLEC1 promoter methylation in Taiwan Biobank participants
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(2020) 25:68
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine Open Access
PM2.5 exposure and DLEC1 promoter methylation in Taiwan Biobank participants Ying-Hsiang Chou1,2,3, Disline Manli Tantoh4,5, Ming-Chi Wu4,6,7, Yeu-Sheng Tyan2,4,6, Pei-Hsin Chen5, Oswald Ndi Nfor5, Shu-Yi Hsu5, Chao-Yu Shen2,4,6*, Chien-Ning Huang1,8* and Yung-Po Liaw4,5,9*
Abstract Background: Particulate matter (PM) < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) or fine PM is a serious public health concern. It affects DNA methylation and heightens carcinogenesis. Deleted in lung and esophageal cancer 1 (DLEC1) is a tumor suppressor gene. However, aberrant methylation of the gene is associated with several cancers. We evaluated the association between PM2.5 and DLEC1 promoter methylation in Taiwanese adults based on regular outdoor exercise. Methods: We obtained DNA methylation and exercise data of 496 participants (aged between 30 and 70 years) from the Taiwan Biobank (TWB) database. We also extracted PM2.5 data from the Air Quality Monitoring Database (AQMD) and estimated participants’ exposure using residential addresses. Results: DLEC1 methylation and PM2.5 were positively associated: beta coefficient (β) = 0.114 × 10−3; p value = 0.046. The test for interaction between exercise and PM2.5 on DLEC1 methylation was significant (p value = 0.036). After stratification by exercise habits, PM2.5 and DLEC1 methylation remained significantly associated only among those who exercised regularly (β = 0.237 × 10−3; p value = 0.007). PM2.5 quartile-stratified analyses revealed an inverse association between regular exercise and DLEC1 methylation at PM2.5 < 27.37 μg/m3 (β = − 5.280 × 10−3; p value = 0.009). After combining exercise habits and PM2.5 quartiles, one stratum (i.e., regular exercise and PM2.5 < 27.37 μg/m3) was inversely associated with DLEC1 methylation (β = -5.160 × 10−3, p value = 0.007). Conclusions: We found significant positive associations between PM2.5 and DLEC1 promoter methylation. Regular exercise at PM2.5 < 27.37 μg/m3 seemingly regulated DLEC1 promoter methylation. Keywords: PM2.5, DLEC1, Methylation, Exercise, Taiwan Biobank
Introduction PM2.5 induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which have detrimental effects [1], like immune response stress, inflammatory injury, DNA damage, and oxidative stress that enhance cancer formation [1–3]. PM2.5 is a critical public health issue that accounts for * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 School of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan 1 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan 4 Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
most air pollution-related global deaths [1, 4]. It accounted for approximately 3.5 and 4.2 million global deaths in 1990 and 2015, respectively. Moreover, it wa
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