Political Religion beyond Totalitarianism The Sacralization of Polit

The success of fascist and communist regimes has long been explained by their ability to turn political ideology into a type of religion. These innovative essays explore the notion that all forms of modern mass-politics, including democracies, need a form

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AUGUSTEIJN, PATRICK DASSEN AND MAARTJE JANSE

Political Religion beyond Totalitarianism

Also by Joost Augusteijn REGION AND STATE IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY EUROPE: Nation-building, Regional Identities and Separatism (ed. with Eric Storm) FROM PUBLIC DEFIANCE TO GUERRILLA WARFARE: The Experience of Ordinary Volunteers in the Irish War of Independence, 1916–1921 THE MEMOIRS OF JOHN M. REGAN, A CATHOLIC OFFICER IN THE RIC AND RUC, 1909–1948 (ed.) PATRICK PEARSE: The Making of a Revolutionary THE IRISH REVOLUTION, 1913–1923 (ed.) IRELAND IN THE 1930s: New Perspectives (ed.) IRISH HISTORY: A Research Yearbook (1) (ed. with Mary-Ann Lyons) IRISH HISTORY: A Research Yearbook (2) (ed. with Mary-Ann Lyons and Deirdre Macmahon) Also by Patrick Dassen THE MANY FACES OF EVOLUTION IN EUROPE, c. 1860–1914 (ed. with M. Kemperink) DE ONTTOVERING VAN DE WERELD. Max Weber en het probleem van de moderniteit in Duitsland, 1890–1920 GEGIJZELD DOOR HET VERLEDEN. Van de Historikerstreit tot het Sloterdijk-debat (ed. with Ton Nijhuis) DUITSERS ALS SLACHTOFFERS. Het einde van een taboe? (ed. with Krijn Thijs and Ton Nijhuis) VAN DE BARRICADEN NAAR DE LOOPGRAVEN. Oorlog en samenleving in Europa, 1789–1918 (ed. with Petra Groen) Also by Maartje Janse DE AFSCHAFFERS. Publieke opinie, organisatie en politiek in Nederland, 1840–1880 DE GEEST VAN JAN SALIE. Nederland in verval?

Political Religion beyond Totalitarianism The Sacralization of Politics in the Age of Democracy Edited by

Joost Augusteijn Lecturer in European History, Leiden University, The Netherlands

Patrick Dassen Lecturer in European History, Leiden University, The Netherlands

and

Maartje Janse Postdoctoral Researcher, Leiden University, The Netherlands

Palgrave

macmillan

Editorial matter, selection, introduction and conclusion © Joost Augusteijn, Patrick Dassen and Maartje Janse 2013

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-137-29171-4 All remaining chapters © their respective authors 2013 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2013 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan