Political Violence and the Authoritarian State in Peru Silencing Civ
The Shining Path was one of the most brutal insurgencies ever seen in the Western Hemisphere. Political Violence and the Authoritarian State in Peru explores the devastating effects of insurgent violence and the state's brutal counterinsurgency methods on
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Political Violence and the Authoritarian State in Peru Silencing Civil Society Jo-Marie Burt
Palgrave macmillan
POLITICAL VIOLENCE AND THE AUTHORITARIAN STATE IN PERU
Copyright © Jo-Marie Burt, 2007. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2007 978-0-230-60038-6 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-0-230-62117-6 ISBN 978-1-137-06486-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-137-06486-8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Burt, Jo-Marie. Political violence and the authoritarian state in Peru : silencing civil society / by Jo-Marie Burt. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-312-22132-4 1. Political violence—Peru. 2. Authoritarianism—Peru. 3. Peru—Politics and government—1980– 4. Civil society—Peru. I. Title. HN350.Z9V513 2007 985.06943—dc22
2007011744
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: December 2007 10
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Transferred to Digital Printing in 2008
To the Lamas-Espejo family Y, sobre todo, a Teresa, César, y Simón
CON T E N T S
List of Figures
ix
List of Tables
xi
Acknowledgments
xiii
List of Acronyms
xvii
Introduction
1
Part 1 State Formation and State Deformation One Two Three Four
The Weak State Social Consequences of State Breakdown Terror versus Terror The Crisis of Organized Politics
25 41 53 69
Part 2 Gray Zones and Guerrillas: Shining Path and the Battle of Lima Five The Iron Belts of Misery Six In the Gray Zones: States of Shining Path Seven The Battle of Villa El Salvador
Part 3 Eight Nine Ten
91 103 125
State Making against Democracy
The Authoritarian Reconstitution of the State Quien Habla es Terrorista: The Politics of Fear The Authoritarian State and the Resurgence of Civil Society
159 189 213
Notes
243
Bibliography
261
Index
277
LIST
I.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 6.1
OF
F IGU R E S
Soldiers Patrol Villa El Salvador after 1992 Coup d’état Terror versus Terror: Soldier and Shining Path Graffiti Police Repress University Student Protest Aftermath of a Shining Path Car Bomb in Lima Soldiers Direct Civic-Action Campaign in Lima Shantytown 7.1 María Elena Moyano Leads Protest against Hunger and Violence 8.1 The Arrest of Abimael Guzmán 9.1 Remembering the Dead of La Cantuta 10.1 Students Protest Fraudulent Elections
7 65 84 97 120 126 174 203 2
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