Population Aging, Fertility and Social Security
This book provides a comprehensive, theory-based analysis of current issues in population economics. It addresses the most important problems caused by demographic changes using the popular overlapping generations growth model by Samuelson and Diamond. Ta
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Akira Yakita
Population Aging, Fertility and Social Security
Population Economics
Editor-in-chief Klaus F. Zimmermann Princeton University USA UNU-MERIT Maastricht, The Netherlands Managing Editor Alessio J.G. Brown UNU-MERIT Maastricht, The Netherlands
Series Editors Alessandro Cigno University of Florence Florence, Italy Erdal Tekin American University Washington D.C., USA Junsen Zhang The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, Hong Kong
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/2190
Akira Yakita
Population Aging, Fertility and Social Security
Akira Yakita School of Economics Nanzan University Nagoya, Japan
ISSN 1431-6978 Population Economics ISBN 978-3-319-47643-8 ISBN 978-3-319-47644-5 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-47644-5
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016963232 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Population aging and fertility declines are commonly observed in developed countries and will be sooner or later in developing countries. For example, in Japan, the speed of population aging is particularly high, involving rapid extensions in life expectancy and low fertility rate in the past several decades. The demographic changes not only cause economic issues in economic societies but also affect the appropriateness of economic policies. Individuals may prepare for longer retirement periods by saving more, although unfunded social security tends to induce individuals to save less than without social security. Public pensions based on a pay-as-you-go finance system may face severe risks of bankruptcy. Population aging even in on
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