Population Pharmacokinetics of Revefenacin in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Population Pharmacokinetics of Revefenacin in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Arthur Lo1 · Marie T. Borin1 · David L. Bourdet1
© The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Background and Objectives Revefenacin is a lung-selective, long-acting muscarinic antagonist indicated for the maintenance treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The objectives of this analysis were to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of revefenacin and its major metabolite (THRX-195518) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and identify significant covariates affecting revefenacin disposition using a population pharmacokinetic approach based on plasma concentration–time data obtained after single- and repeated-dose once-daily administration in three phase II and two phase III studies. Methods Plasma concentrations of revefenacin and THRX-195518 following once-daily administration via nebulization at a dose levels ranging from 22–700 μg in 935 patients (488 men, 447 women; age 41–88 years) were analyzed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Results Plasma revefenacin pharmacokinetics was best described by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. Pharmacokinetic parameters for THRX-195518 were estimated using a sequential approach, where the concentration–time profiles were fit to a combined model. The formation of the metabolite in each subject was estimated to be a fixed fraction of the individually estimated (post-hoc) clearance rate of revefenacin. Four statistically significant covariates were identified: for revefenacin, age on apparent clearance and body weight on apparent intercompartment clearance, for THRX-195518, age on apparent clearance and body weight on the fraction of revefenacin apparent clearance that was metabolized to THRX-195518. Conclusions None of the identified statistically significant covariates were associated with a clinically meaningful effect on revefenacin or THRX-195518 exposure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier number NCT03064113, NCT01704404, NCT02040792, NCT02459080, and NCT02512510
1 Introduction Revefenacin is a long-acting, lung-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist formulated as a nebulized inhalation solution for use with a standard jet nebulizer for the once-daily maintenance treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Clinical data demonstrate the clinical efficacy and safety of revefenacin in Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40262-020-00938-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Arthur Lo [email protected] 1
Theravance Biopharma US, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
patients with COPD. In phase II and III studies, once-daily administration of revefenacin significantly improved the forced expiratory volume compared with placebo [1–3]. Revefenacin was also investigat
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