Pore size distribution and reservoir characterization: evaluation for the Eocene beach-bar sequence, Dongying Depression
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Pore size distribution and reservoir characterization: evaluation for the Eocene beach-bar sequence, Dongying Depression, China Muhammad Aleem Zahid 1,2 & Dong Chunmei 1,3 & Alexandra N. Golab 4 & Chengyan Lin 1,3 & Xianguo Zhang 1 & Xinmin Ge 1 & Wu Songtao 5 & Muhammad Jawad Munawar 1 & Cunfei Ma 1 & Lydia Knuefing 4 Received: 29 April 2016 / Accepted: 4 September 2019 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2019
Abstract Pore size distribution and associated heterogeneities of thinly bedded beach-bar sandstone reservoir from upper fourth member of Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es4s) are characterized with the help of mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) transversal relaxation time (T2) data. Permeability and porosity are two represented important characteristics of rocks that control the movement and storage of fluids. The aim of this paper is to establish relationships between pore throat sizes and reservoir quality. The results derived from thin-section petrography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), MICP, NMR T2 relaxation time, and 3D micro-CT (μ-CT) are compared to characterize pore space dimensions and types comprehensively. Average pore throat size from MICP ranges between 0.47 μm and 2.83 μm while maximum pore throat size ranges between 2.48 μm and 7.36 μm. The combination of pore size distribution obtained from MICP and NMR seems appropriate to cover the range of pore size from beach-bar sand and overcome the individual method limits. Afterwards, digital 3D μ-CT tomographic images are used to characterize and visualize pore space and pore network model to compare with the experimental data. MICP and NMR experiment showed generally bimodal (meso and micro) pore size distribution. Usually mesopore corresponding to intergranular pores is dominant, while heavily cemented sandstones show large amounts of intercrystalline micropores. Complex and heterogeneous beach-bar sandstone reservoir requires comprehensive study program to evaluate the reservoir. Keywords NMR T2 . MICP . Pore size distribution . Porosity . 3D μ-CT . Pore network modeling
Introduction It is necessary to understand the pore structure and to determine the capacity of flow and trap fluids (Li et al. 2010; Peng Responsible Editor: Santanu Banerjee * Muhammad Aleem Zahid [email protected] * Dong Chunmei [email protected] 1
School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
2
Faculty of Marine Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Science, Uthal 90250, Pakistan
3
Key Laboratory of Reservoir Geology in Shandong Province, Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
4
Thermo Fisher Scientific, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
5
Central Laboratory of Geological Sciences, RIPED, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
et al. 2012; Al Hinai et al. 2014; Munawar et al. 2018a). In general sense, pore space is regarded as the connection of the void pore bodies which are connected by smaller void conduits (pore throats). The characteristics of pores can be
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