Porous Carbon/CeO 2 Nanoparticles Hybrid Material for High-Capacity Super-Capacitors
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Porous Carbon/CeO2 Nanoparticles Hybrid Material for High-Capacity Super-Capacitors Hoejin Kim1, Mohammad Arif Ishtiaque Shuvo1, Hasanul Karim1, Manjula I Nandasiri2 , Ashleigh M Schwarz2, Murugesan Vijayakumar2, Juan C. Noveron3, Tzu-liang Tseng4, and Yirong Lin1 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA. 2 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA 3 Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA. 4 Department of Industrial, Systems, and Manufacturing, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA. ABSTRACT The increasing demand for energy storage devices has propelled research for developing efficient super-capacitors (SC) with long cycle life and ultrahigh energy density. Carbon-based materials are commonly used as electrode materials for SC. Herein, we report a new approach to improve the SC performance utilizing a Porous Carbon/Cerium Oxide nanoparticle (PC-CON) hybrid as electrode material synthesized via a low temperature hydrothermal method. Through this approach, charges can be stored not only via electrochemical double layer capacitance (EDLC) from PC but also through pseudo-capacitive effect from CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs). The electrode-electrolyte interaction due to the electrochemical properties of the electrolyte provides an enhanced voltage window for the SC. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements were used for the characterization of this PC/CeO2 hybrid material system. The testing results have shown that a maximum of 500% higher specific capacitance could be obtained using PC/CeO2 instead of using PC only. 1. INTRODUCTION There has been an increasing demand for low cost, environment friendly, and high performance energy storage/conversion systems due to the environmental issues and depletion of fossil fuels [1]. Therefore, numerous researches have been going on for the technological improvements in electrochemical energy storage devices such as batteries [2-6], capacitors [7-9], and super-capacitors (SCs) [10-12]. Among all available technologies, super-capacitors can be a potential electrochemical energy storage solution due to their sustainable cycle life, higher power density, and excellent cycling stability. SCs are the preferred choice among wide range of applications for electric vehicles, electronic devices, airplanes, and other renewable energy storage systems [13, 14]. Based on the energy storage mechanism, super-capacitors could be classified into electrical double layer capacitors (EDLC) and/or pseudo-capacitors. In EDLC, the capacitance stems from the electrostatic charge accumulation at the electrode-electrolyte interface which is a non-faradic process; while the pseudo-capacitors store energy through fast and reversible faradic reaction which originates from the transition metal oxide or conducting polymers present in the electrode materials [1]. Numerous r
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