Portable neuromodulation induces neuroplasticity to re-activate motor function recovery from brain injury: a high-densit
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RESEARCH
Portable neuromodulation induces neuroplasticity to re‑activate motor function recovery from brain injury: a high‑density MEG case study Ryan C. N. D’Arcy1,2,3,4* , Trevor Greene1,2, Debbie Greene1,2, Zack Frehlick1,2, Shaun D. Fickling1,2,3, Natasha Campbell1,2, Tori Etheridge1,2, Christopher Smith1,2, Fabio Bollinger1,2, Yuri Danilov5,6, Ashley Livingstone1,2, Pamela Tannouri1,2, Pauline Martin2,7 and Bimal Lakhani1,2*
Abstract Background: In a recent high-profile case study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to monitor improvements in motor function related to neuroplasticity following rehabilitation for severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The findings demonstrated that motor function improvements can occur years beyond current established limits. The current study extends the functional imaging investigation to characterize neuromodulation effects on neuroplasticity to further push the limits. Methods: Canadian Soldier Captain (retired) Trevor Greene (TG) survived a severe open-TBI when attacked with an axe during a 2006 combat tour in Afghanistan. TG has since continued intensive daily rehabilitation to recover motor function, experiencing an extended plateau using conventional physical therapy. To overcome this plateau, we paired translingual neurostimulation (TLNS) with the continuing rehabilitation program. Results: Combining TLNS with rehabilitation resulted in demonstrable clinical improvements along with corresponding changes in movement evoked electro-encephalography (EEG) activity. High-density magneto-encephalography (MEG) characterized cortical activation changes in corresponding beta frequency range (27 Hz). MEG activation changes corresponded with reduced interhemispheric inhibition in the post-central gyri regions together with increased right superior/middle frontal activation suggesting large scale network level changes. Conclusions: The findings provide valuable insight into the potential importance of non-invasive neuromodulation to enhance neuroplasticity mechanisms for recovery beyond the perceived limits of rehabilitation. Keywords: Traumatic brain injury (TBI), Motor function, Neuroplasticity, Portable neuromodulation stimulator (PoNS), Translingual neurostimulation (TLNS), Magnetoencephalography (MEG), Electroencephalography (EEG), Brain vital signs, Functional connectivity, Rehabilitation
*Correspondence: [email protected]; bimal. [email protected] 1 Centre for Neurology Studies, HealthTech Connex, 13737 96th ave, Suite 204, Vancouver, BC V3V 0C6, Canada Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Background Acquired brain injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke, commonly result in significant longterm disability [1, 2], affecting critical abilities such as movement control. With increasing TBI survival rates from conflict zones, there is a growing push for novel
© The Author(s) 2020. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
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