Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy
Portal hypertension patients with or without cirrhosis commonly experience two distinct forms of gastric mucosal abnormalities: portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and gastric vascular antral ectasia (GAVE). The morbidity and mortality risks associated
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Variceal Bleeding in Liver Cirrhosis
Xiaozhong Guo • Xingshun Qi Editors
Variceal Bleeding in Liver Cirrhosis
Editors Xiaozhong Guo General Hospital of Northern Theater Command Shenyang, Liaoning, China
Xingshun Qi General Hospital of Northern Theater Command Shenyang, Liaoning, China
ISBN 978-981-15-7248-7 ISBN 978-981-15-7249-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7249-4 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Foreword
It is a situation that is as old as medical history itself and one that will, unfortunately, continue until medical science discovers the means of eliminating all chronic liver diseases in an ideal future. A patient, who may be a child who was unfortunate enough to be born with a congenital liver disease or a youg, middle aged or elderly person with a commonly recognized chronic liver disease, was feeling well and going about his or her daily lives until he or she suddenly started vomiting large quantities of blood followed by profuse melena and hematochezia. At this point, the natural history of their lives suddenly changed for the worse and their own intuition that they may be dying has about a 20% chance of being true. Somehow, most will make it to the emergency department of their local hospital, be it a large university-affiliated institution or a small, modest community hospital. A small minority will not make it to hospital and will tragically pass away in their homes, surrounded by their own blood. For those who make it to the emergency department, the emergency room physicians and nurses will do their best to resuscitate them and will make a crucial telephone c
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