Portugal and Africa
The late-medieval Portuguese who arrived in Africa were colonizers in the roman style, gold merchants on an imperial scale, conquistadores in the Hispanic tradition. Although their empire struggled to survive centuries of Dutch and English competition, it
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Also by David Birmingham THE PORTUGUESE CONQUEST OF ANGOLA TRADE AND CONFLICT IN ANGOLA PRE-COLONIAL AFRICAN TRADE (co-edited with Richard Gray) CENTRAL AFRICA TO 1870 HISTORY OF CENTRAL AFRICA (co-edited with Phyllis M. Martin) Vol. 1: The Early Years to 1870 Vol. 2: The Colonial Era, 1870-1960 Vol. 3: The Contemporary Years since 1960 KWAME NKRUMAH FRONTLINE NATIONALISM IN ANGOLA AND MOZAMBIQUE A CONCISE HISTORY OF PORTUGAL L'EUROPE ET L' AFRIQUE DE 1914 A 1970 (with Muriel Chamberlain and Chantal Metzger) SWITZERLAND: A Village History (forthcoming) THE ATLANTIC EMPIRES, 1400-1600 (forthcoming)
Portugal and Africa David Birmingham
Professor of Modern History University of Kent at Canterbury
palgrave
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© David Birmingham 1999 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1999 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London 4LP.
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Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by PALGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. Martin's Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd). Outside North America
ISBN 978-1-349-27492-5 ISBN 978-1-349-27490-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-27490-1 In North America ISBN 978-0-312-22319-9
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 99-11300 10 09
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Contents Preface
vii
1 Portugal's Impact on Africa
1
2 Colonisers and the Mrican Iron Age
12
3 The Regimento da Mina
25
4 Early African Trade in Angola
33
5 Traditions, Migrations and Cannibalism
44
6 Iberian Conquistadores and African Resisters in the Kongo Kingdom
51
7 Angola and the Church
63
8 Joseph Miller's Way of Death
82
9 The Coffee Barons of Cazengo
94
10
Britain and the Ultimatum of 1890
110
11
Colonialism in Angola: Kinyama's Experience
122
12 Youth and War in Angola
133
13 The Twenty-Seventh of May
142
14 Angola Revisited
155
15
174
Black and White in Angolan Fiction
Notes
186
Index
194
v
Preface For the past six centuries the south Atlantic Ocean has been open to long-distance navigation and regular links have been
