Positive and negative affect of university and college students during COVID-19 outbreak: a network-based survey
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Positive and negative affect of university and college students during COVID-19 outbreak: a network-based survey Yali Wang1,2,4,5 • Xiang Jing1,3,4,5 • Wantong Han1,4,5 • Yurong Jing1,4,5 • Lingzhong Xu1,4,5 Received: 14 March 2020 / Revised: 5 August 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+) 2020
Abstract Objectives To understand the status of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) on university and college students, and to explore the determinants during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods Our data were from network-based survey, and 17,876 participants completed the questionnaire. t test, one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression model were performed using PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) score as the dependent variable. Results Of 17,876 participants, the mean score of PA was 25.5 ± 7.3, while NA was 19.1 ± 7.1. Multiple linear regression models showed that there are some common determinants of PA and NA, such as education, health literacy on communicable diseases, satisfaction with measures for epidemic prevention and control, risk of infection, impact of the outbreak on daily life, sleep duration and frequency of hand washing in the past 2 weeks. Besides, whether the student is a medical major and whether outing in the past 2 weeks were specific determinants of PA, and frequency of masks wearing was specific determinant of NA. Conclusions The outbreak of COVID-19 is detrimental to university and college students’ affect. During the outbreak response, we should strengthen the guidance and regulation for negative affect and pay attention to improving the positive affect of university and college students. Keywords COVID-19 PANAS University and college students Abbreviations PANAS The Positive and Negative affect schedule PA Positive affect NA Negative affect
Xiang Jing co-author. & Lingzhong Xu [email protected]
COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus; it was declared a pandemic by WHO and affecting many countries globally (Bruin et al. 2020). As of 24:00 on March 7, 2020, a total of 2
Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, Henan, China
Yali Wang [email protected]
3
Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng 044000, Shanxi, China
Xiang Jing [email protected]
4
NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
5
Shandong University, Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
Wantong Han [email protected] Yurong Jing [email protected] 1
Introduction
School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
123
Y. Wang et al.
80,695 patients with COVID-19 were diagnosed, including 3097 deaths and 57,065 cures in China (China, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China 2020). Many studies have shown tha
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