Postpartum depression and associated factors among postpartum women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis,
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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Open Access
Postpartum depression and associated factors among postpartum women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and metaanalysis, 2020 Tadesse Tolossa1* , Getahun Fetensa2, Mekdes Tigistu Yilma1, Muktar Abadiga2, Bizuneh Wakuma2, Merga Besho3, Ginenus Fekadu4 and Werku Etafa2 * Correspondence: yadanotolasa@ gmail.com 1 Department of Public Health, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Abstract Introduction: The postpartum period is recognized as a high-risk period for the development of various mood disorders like postpartum depression. Globally, postnatal depression is a serious public health problem that has a negative impact on the mother’s health and child development, especially in developing countries. In Ethiopia, even though there are different primary studies conducted on postpartum depression, there is no nationally representative evidence. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of postpartum depression in Ethiopia. Methods: Published and unpublished articles from various electronic databases and digital libraries were accessed. This systematic review included studies that were conducted on the magnitude and factors associated with postpartum depression among postnatal women in Ethiopia. A random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled magnitude of postpartum depression with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Inverse variance (I2) was used to visualize the presence of heterogeneity, and forest plot was used to estimate the pooled magnitude of postpartum depression. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and Egger’s statistical tests. A metaregression and subgroup analysis were computed to minimize underlying heterogeneity. Result: Initially, a total of 764 studies were accessed. Twenty-eight full articles were assessed for eligibility criteria, of which twelve studies fulfilled inclusion criteria were included in the final meta-analysis. The overall pooled magnitude of postpartum depression was 22.89% (95% CI 17.75%, 28.03%) with the lowest (12.20%) and highest (33.82%) in the Southern nations region. Unplanned pregnancy, domestic violence, lack of social support, previous history of depression, infant loss, and dissatisfaction in marriage showed a statistically significant association with postpartum depression. (Continued on next page)
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