Potential application of bacteria to improve the self-healing and strength of concrete
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(2020) 5:10
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Potential application of bacteria to improve the self‑healing and strength of concrete Rajneesh Vashisht1 · Abhilash Shukla1 Received: 14 November 2019 / Accepted: 2 January 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Concrete is the most widely used construction material. Its material consumption is second largest after water, but it also has a few drawbacks as it gets deteriorated by ingress of moisture, gas and liquid through cracks. The deterioration of concrete is highly unacceptable. To overcome the deterioration, a process of self-healing by healing cracks in concrete has been proposed by using healing agents. This review paper includes different types of bacteria used for self-healing, impact of them on the concrete and future scope of the study. Keywords Bacteria · Concrete · Self-healing · Crack · Strength
1 Introduction Concrete play vital role in present construction practices [8]. Concrete is the second most used material on this earth after water [7]. The massive production of concrete leads to negative environmental effects. The main ingredients of concrete are cement and aggregates need to be produced. The production of cement leads to 7% C O2 emission of the total emission by human’s activities [9]. This happens due to heating limestone and clays @ 1500 °C. Another study tells us that upon every ton of concrete production 100 kg CO2 is emitted [9]. By knowing these facts, it can’t be said that concrete is a sustainable material. To overcome this and make our concrete eco-friendly we replace cement partially with greener alternatives like fly ash, blast furnace slag or rice husk ash which are by products of iron, coal and agricultural materials or industries [9]. Other ways to increase the life time of the concrete is by treating the cracks propagate due to ageing effect. The immobilization of bacteria to the concrete matrix is also helpful to increase the life time of concrete. These are major drawbacks in concrete structures i.e., cracks. Micro cracks and macro cracks both deteriorate the concrete structures [7]. The major impact on durability * Rajneesh Vashisht [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology Wakhnaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173234, India
and service life of concrete is made by these cracks. Cracks helping outside medium to contact with concrete microstructure. Cracks make it easy for moisture, carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphate and other liquids and gas to intrude the concrete structure easily up to its core and reinforcement which results in corrosion of reinforcement and decrease the strength and durability of concrete [25]. Therefore, cracks are not desirable in concrete structure. Numerous studies reported that under some conditions micro cracks in concrete can heal [7, 8, 10, 25, 27, 31]. This process of healing is known as autogenic healing or self-healing [2]. However, cracks can be repaired by mixing specific healing agents within the concrete matrix. This revi
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