Pre-Chernobyl deposition dynamics of anthropogenic radionuclides at Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Pre‑Chernobyl deposition dynamics of anthropogenic radionuclides at Cluj‑Napoca, Romania C. Dovlete1,3 · O. Sima2,4 · S. Sonoc1,5 · I. Osvath1,6 Received: 13 July 2020 / Accepted: 26 September 2020 / Published online: 11 October 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract The 137Cs bulk deposition samples measured in samples collected at Cluj-Napoca in 1965–1985 are analysed and compared with published 137Cs deposition data from New-York, St. Petersburg, Helsinki and Bratislava covering partially/totally the period 1955–1985. A total 137Cs deposition of 4.2 ± 0.9 kBq/m2 at Cluj-Napoca is estimated for 1955–1985 based on the comparison of available data. The signature of the atmospheric nuclear tests performed in 1977–1980 is presented using the monthly measured bulk depositions of 106Ru, 125Sb, 137Cs and 144Ce (1978–1982) and 95Zr, 103Ru, 141Ce for the year 1981, following the last atmospheric nuclear test of October 16, 1980. Keywords Environmental radioactivity · Nuclear-weapons tests · Cluj-Napoca deposition · 137Cs · 125Sb · 106Ru
Introduction The contamination of the atmosphere with anthropogenic radionuclides was produced predominantly by atmospheric nuclear tests that began in 1945 and ceased in 1980. Concerns over the radioactive fallout from the atmospheric tests led some countries (USA, Great Britain, USSR, Denmark, Japan, New Zeeland, France etc.) in the nineteen fifties and the beginning of the sixties to initiate the systematic measurements of atmospheric radioactivity and to collect and This paper expresses strictly the views of the authors and doesn’t engage their current institutions. * C. Dovlete [email protected] 1
Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Bucharest‑Afumati 72400, Romania
2
Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Strada Atomiștilor 405, Magurele 077125, Romania
3
Present Address: Eze‑Bord de Mer, France
4
Present Address: Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Str. Reactorului No. 30, P.O.BOX MG‑6, Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
5
Present Address: University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada
6
Present Address: IAEA-Environment Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco, Monaco
analyse the depositions or/and aerosol samples. After the peak of atmospheric nuclear weapons tests, at the beginning of sixties, many other countries became interested to monitor the global fallout. Since 1962, the environmental samples were systematically collected and measured in Romania at the sampling stations of the National Environmental Radioactivity Surveillance Network (NERSN) as part of the national radioactivity monitoring programme. The monitoring programme was carried out through a central laboratory and several stations distributed across the country in the framework of the meteorological service. It evolved from 4 stations in 1962 [1] to 24 stations in 1975 and 47 stations in the 1990s. All stations followed a unitary programme and methodology to collect and prepare samples, and to perfo
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