Pre-main Sequence Evolution

As can be seen from the calculations of cloud collapse described in Sect. 7.2, stars with mass M >3M ⊙ appear in the optical range immediately near to the main sequence. Objects of lower mass exist for part of the time as optical stars with radiation d

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ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LIBRARY I. Appenzeller, Heidelberg, Germany G. Bomer, Garching, Germany M. Harwit, Washington, DC, USA R. Kippenhahn, Gottingen, Germany J. Lequeux, Paris, France P. A. Strittmatter, Tucson, AZ, USA V. Trimble, College Park, MD, and Irvine, CA, USA

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

Physics and Astronomy

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ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LIBRARY I. Appenzeller · G. Bomer · M. Harwit · R. Kippenhahn J. Lequeux · P. A. Strittmatter · V. Trimble

The Stars By E. L. Schatzman and F. Praderie Modern Astrometry 2nd Edition By J. Kovalevsky The Physics and Dynamics of Planetary Nebulae By G. A. Gurzadyan Galaxies and Cosmology By F. Combes, P. Boisse, A. Mazure and A. Blanchard Observational Astrophysics 2nd Edition By P. Lena, F. Lebrun and F. Mignard Stellar Interiors. Physical Principles, Structure, and Evolution By C. J. Hansen and S. D. Kawaler Physics of Planetary Rings Celestial Mechanics of Continuous Media By A.M. Fridman and N. N. Gorkavyi Tools of Radio Astronomy 3rd Edition By K. Rohlfs and T. L. Wilson Astrophysical Formulae 3rd Edition (2 volumes) Volume 1: Radiation, Gas Processes and High Energy Astrophysics Volume II: Space, Time, Matter and Cosmology By K. R. Lang Tools of Radio Astronomy Problems and Solutions By T. L. Wilson and S. Hiittemeister Galaxy Formation By M. S. Longair

Stellar Physics (2 volumes) Volume I :Fundamental Concepts and Stellar Equilibrium Volume 2: Stellar Evolution and Stability By G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan Theory of Orbits (2 volumes) Volume I: Integrable Systems and Non-perturbative Methods Volume 2: Perturbative and Geometrical Methods By D. Boccaletti and G. Pucacco Black Hole Gravitohydromagnetics By B. Punsly Stellar Structure and Evolution By R. Kippenhahn and A. Weigert Gravitational Lenses By P. Schneider, J. Ehlers and E. E. Falco Reflecting Telescope Optics (2 volumes) Volume 1: Basic Design Theory and its Historical Development Volume II: Manufacture, Testing, Alignment, Modem Techniques By R.N. Wilson Interplanetary Dust By E. Griin, B. A. S. Gustafson, S. Dermott and H. Fechtig (Eds.) The Universe in Gamma Rays By V. Schonfelder

Astrophysical Concepts 2nd Edition By M. Harwit

Astrophysics. A Primer By W. Kundt Cosmic Ray Astrophysics By R. Schlickeiser

Astrometry of Fundamental Catalogues The Evolution from Optical to Radio Reference Frames By H. G. Walter and 0 . J. Sovers Compact Stars. Nuclear Physics, Particle Physics and General Relativity By N. K. Glendenning The Sun from Space By K. R. Lang

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G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan

Stellar Physics 2: Stellar Evolution and Stability Translated from the Russian by A. Y. Blinov and M. Romanova With 112 Figures and 35 Tables

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Dr. G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan Space Research Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Profsoyuznaya 84/32 117810 Moscow Russia

Translators: Dr. A. Y. Blinov Dr. M. Romanova Space Research Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Profsoyuznaya 84/32