Preconception depression and anxiety symptoms and maternal-infant bonding: a 20-year intergenerational cohort study
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Preconception depression and anxiety symptoms and maternal-infant bonding: a 20-year intergenerational cohort study Craig A. Olsson 1,2,3 & Elizabeth A. Spry 1,2 & Yvette Alway 2 & Margarita Moreno-Betancur 2,3 & George Youssef 1 Christopher Greenwood 1,2 & Primrose Letcher 3 & Jacqui A. Macdonald 1,2,3 & Jennifer McIntosh 1,2,3,4 & Delyse Hutchinson 1,2,3,5 & George C. Patton 2,3
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Received: 10 May 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Early maternal-infant bonding problems are often forerunners of later emotional and behavioural difficulties. Interventions typically target the perinatal period but many risks may be established well before pregnancy. Here we examine the extent to which adolescent and young adult depression and anxiety symptoms predict perinatal maternal-infant bonding difficulties. The Victorian Intergenerational Health Cohort Study (VIHCS, est. 2006) is following offspring born to the Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study (VAHCS; est. 1992). VAHCS participants were assessed for depression and anxiety symptoms nine times during adolescence and young adulthood (age 14–29 years), and then contacted bi-annually (from age 29–35 years) to identify pregnancies. The Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) was administered to mothers at 2 and 12 months postpartum. A total of 395 women (606 infants) completed the 2-month and/or 12-month postpartum interviews. For most infants (64%), mothers had experienced depression and/or anxiety before pregnancy. Preconception depression and anxiety symptoms that persisted from adolescence into young adulthood predicted maternal-infant bonding problems at 2 months (β = 0.30, 95% CI 0.04, 0.55) and 12 months postpartum (β = 0.40, 95% CI 0.16, 0.63). Depression and anxiety symptoms occurring in young adulthood only, also predicted bonding problems at 12 months postpartum (β = 0.37, 95% CI 0.02, 0.71). Associations between preconception depression and anxiety symptoms and anxiety-related maternal-infant bonding problems at 12 months postpartum remained after adjustment for antenatal and concurrent postpartum depressive symptoms. This study puts forward a case for extending preconception health care beyond contraception and nutrition to a broader engagement in supporting the mental health of young women from adolescence. Keywords Cohort studies . Preconception depression . Adolescence . Young adulthood . Maternal bonding . Intergenerational
Craig A Olsson and Elizabeth A Spry acknowledge joint-first authorship Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01081-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Craig A. Olsson [email protected] 1
2
Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria Geelong, Australia Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Victoria Parkville, Australia
3
Department of Paediatrics, Royal Child
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