Predictors and outcomes of self-reported dysregulation profiles in youth from age 11 to 21 years
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Predictors and outcomes of self‑reported dysregulation profiles in youth from age 11 to 21 years Marcel Aebi1,2 · Christa Winkler Metzke1 · Hans‑Christoph Steinhausen1,3,4,5 Received: 15 November 2018 / Accepted: 12 November 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Understanding the dysregulation profile (DP) consisting of high scores in aggression, attention problems, and anxious/ depressed problems is still limited. The aims of the present study were threefold: (a) to analyze developmental trajectories of DP (b) to identify predictors of these trajectories, and (c) to study the outcome of DP in terms of mental disorders and criminal offenses in young adulthood. A sample of 402 individuals aged 11–14 years at baseline was followed up during adolescence and young adulthood. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify DP based on the youth self-report and the young adult self-report. Self-related cognitions, perceived parental behavior, life events and coping served as predictors, psychiatric diagnoses and criminal convictions in young adulthood as outcomes. There were three developmental trajectories representing high, moderate, and low DP subgroups with 9.2% of participants represented by the high DP subgroup. Among predictors, self-esteem (negative), self-awareness (positive), and high numbers of life events had the most consistent effect on high DP. Affective and anxiety disorders and any mental disorder were significant outcomes of the high DP subgroup in both sexes at the time of young adulthood. This first report on DP based on longitudinal self-reports shows that DP is stable for a sizeable proportion of youth during adolescence and young adulthood. The predictors for DP share some similarity with those predicting psychopathology in general. However, so far there seems to be no heightened risk for the development of crime in the concerned individuals. Keywords Dysregulation profile · Psychopathology · Adolescence · Young adulthood · Crime · Risks
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-019-01444-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Marcel Aebi [email protected] 1
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland
2
Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Neptunstrasse 60, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
3
Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Institute of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
4
Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
5
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
Regulation ability relates to modulating physiological arousal caused by strong emotions, restraining approach and reward seeking when required, inhibiting frustration, focusing attention, and organizing goal-directed beha
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