Preface: Special issue on the MATERHORN program and complex terrain flows
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Preface: Special issue on the MATERHORN program and complex terrain flows Eric R. Pardyjak1 · Laura S. Leo2,3 Published online: 7 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
The multiscale/multiphysics character of atmospheric flows in complex terrain are an important part of environmental fluid mechanics and are relevant to a wide range of applications including: air quality, the hydrological cycle, trace gas exchange, energy production, military applications, and agriculture. While many small-scale field, numerical modeling, and laboratory studies have been conducted to address scientific questions related to flows in complex terrain, comprehensive studies, which attempt to use multidisciplinary approaches to bridge gaps in understanding, are far less common. This was one of the goals of the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) program [3], which was supported by the U.S. Department of Defense through a Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI). MATERHORN was underpinned by three large-scale field campaigns: two conducted in Utah’s West Desert at the U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground (dubbed MATERHORN-X) that focused on thermal circulations and strong synoptic forcing in a mountainous environment and a third campaign conducted in Heber Valley, Utah (MATERHORN-Fog), which focused on the interaction of mountainvalley circulations and fog processes [5]. In addition to the field campaigns, numerous numerical modeling and several laboratory studies were conducted. This special issue (SI) communicates results which improve the scientific community’s understanding of poorly understood concepts related to environmental fluid mechanics in regions of complex terrain. The SI contains eight manuscripts with an emphasis on results from the MATERHORN program. The SI includes novel field-experiment [1, 4, 6, 7] and laboratory-experiment results [10], as well as high-resolution [9] and mesoscale atmospheric simulation studies [2, 8]. Field studies in the SI cover stable, unstable, and transitional periods. Conry et al. [1] and Goldshmid and Liberzon [4] apply the so-called ‘combo-probe’ technique, which
* Eric R. Pardyjak [email protected] Laura S. Leo [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake, USA
2
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
3
Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
1174
Environmental Fluid Mechanics (2020) 20:1173–1175
makes use of an artificial neural network technique, to facilitate in situ calibration of hotfilm probes allowing for fine-scale turbulence measurements to accurately and efficiently be made outside of the laboratory. Conry et al. [1] use the technique to better understand turbulence mixing processes through the mixing coefficient in a stably stratified environment during MATERHORN, while Goldshmid and Liberzon [4] apply the technique to interrogate turbule
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