Preparation and characterization of conducting nylon 6 fibers
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Conducting nylon 6 fibers were prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline on to the fiber surface, after providing a chemical etching treatment to the fibers using chromic acid. The properties of the etched and polyaniline (PANI) coated fibers were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. Though the etching process caused a marginal decline in the mechanical properties of the fiber, it provided a reasonably rough surface for PANI adhesion and enhanced the conductivity of the fiber. The conductivity increased from 4.22 10 2 to 3.72 10 1 S/cm at an etching time of 4 h. I. INTRODUCTION
Electrically insulating nature of the synthetic polymer fibers for general-purpose applications brings about inevitable disadvantages such as electrical shock caused by static charge accumulation and electromagnetic interference (EMI) caused by transmission of detrimental electromagnetic waves. Therefore, materials scientists all over the world have made several attempts to prepare synthetic fibers with electrical conductivity. Conductive polyaniline composite fabrics can be produced either by inclusion of PANI or by in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline monomer. Because of low thermal stability and insolubility, the former method is hardly acceptable for producing conductive composite fabrics. Therefore, most studies have focused on in situ polymerization route to produce conductive fabrics. This method does not require destruction of the substrate and provides reasonably good conductivity. Unlike aniline polymerization in a solution, these methods produce modified polymer matrixes with a PANI layer at their surface or inside a thin subsurface layer. Apparently, this method is not technically suitable for sheet materials, because it requires the use of polymer matrixes with a good adhesion to PANI. Moreover, it produces pure PANI deposits having poor mechanical properties. At the same time, for fibers and textile materials with a well-developed reactive surface, it may lead to the production of conducting fibers and fabrics with PANI grafted on the surface and inside the pores. Genies et al. have reported the impregnation of PANI onto glass textiles.1 Aniline can be polymerized on the fabrics from the aqueous solution2–4 or the vapor phase5 using appropriate oxidizing agents. The a)
Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2009.0329
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http://journals.cambridge.org
J. Mater. Res., Vol. 24, No. 8, Aug 2009 Downloaded: 15 Jan 2015
use of peroxosalts as oxidants causes a graft copolymerization of aniline and its derivatives onto a polymer matrix.6 Anbarasan and coworkers investigated the kinetics of this grafting onto rayon,7 wool,8 and PET9 fibers and proposed a possible mechanism of graft and homopolymerization of aniline. The authors proposed a probable mechanism involving graft polymerization of aniline through interaction of the oxid
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