Preparation of highly luminescent and color tunable carbon nanodots under visible light excitation for in vitro and in v
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i Liu, Jing Li, and Zhigang Xie State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People’s Republic of China
Dan Qu State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, People’s Republic of China
Xiang Miao State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, People’s Republic of China; and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Xiabin Jing State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People’s Republic of China
Zaicheng Suna) Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People’s Republic of China; and State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, People’s Republic of China
Hongyou Fanb) Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, NM 87106, Albuquerque, USA (Received 31 July 2015; accepted 2 October 2015)
Carbon nanodots (CDs) have generated enormous excitement because of their superiority in water solubility, chemical inertness, low toxicity, ease of functionalization and resistance to photobleaching. Here we report a facile thermal pyrolysis route to prepare CDs with high quantum yield (QY) using citric acid as the carbon source and ethylene diamine derivatives (EDAs) including triethylenetetramine (TETA), tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) and polyene polyamine (PEPA) as the passivation agents. We find that the CDs prepared from EDAs, such as TETA, TEPA and PEPA, show relatively high photoluminescence (PL) QY (11.4, 10.6, and 9.8%, respectively) at kex of 465 nm. The cytotoxicity of the CDs has been investigated through in vitro and in vivo bio-imaging studies. The results indicate that these CDs possess low toxicity and good biocompatibility. The unique properties such as the high PL QY at large excitation wave length and the low toxicity of the resulting CDs make them promising fluorescent nanoprobes for applications in optical bio-imaging and biosensing. I. INTRODUCTION
Since carbon dots (CDs) were discovered by Scrivens et al.1; they, as a new luminescence nanomaterial, have Contributing Editor: Winston V. Schoenfeld Address all correspondence to these authors. a) e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] This paper has been selected as an Invited Feature Paper. DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2015.323
attracted considerable attention due to their poten
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