Preparation of Rosin Pentaerythritol Ester Over an Fe 3 O 4 -Supported ZnO Catalyst
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Preparation of Rosin Pentaerythritol Ester Over an Fe3O4‑Supported ZnO Catalyst Shitao Yu1 · Huimin Zhang1 Received: 25 February 2020 / Accepted: 26 April 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Conversion of rosin to its pentaerythritol ester provides a means of improving its water resistance, alkali resistance, and oxidation resistance, thereby increasing its stability. Rosin pentaerythritol ester is much more amenable to industrial applications than the parent compound. To overcome the difficulty of catalyst recovery and its associated high cost during the synthesis of e3O4@ZnO and F e3O4@SiO2–ZnO, have been designed rosin pentaerythritol ester, F e3O4-supported ZnO catalysts, such as F and synthesized. The structures, morphologies, and compositions of the materials have been characterized by TEM, XRD, and XPS. The results of esterification reactions demonstrate that Fe3O4@SiO2–ZnO has excellent catalytic performance and stability. The degree of esterification in the production of rosin pentaerythritol ester reached 87.9%, far exceeding the yields attained with other catalysts. Moreover, the catalyst could be reused five times without incurring a loss of activity. The effects of zinc source, zinc loading, and reaction conditions on the esterification have been investigated in detail. This study provides a class of heterogeneous catalysts with excellent properties for the synthesis of rosin pentaerythritol ester. Graphic Abstract In our paper, the optimum process conditions for obtaining rosin pentaerythritol ester have been identified as zinc nitrate as the zinc source, a theoretical loading of zinc source of 0.45 g, a reaction temperature of 250 °C, a reaction time of 5 h,
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-020-03237-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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and a catalyst loading of 0.2 g, when starting from rosin (15 g) and pentaerythritol (1.7 g). The conversion rate was 87.9%, and the acid value was 25.0 mg KOH g −1. This research provides an improved protocol for the rosin esterification reaction. O
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Rosin esterification reaction Keywords Rosin · Fe3O4@SiO2–ZnO · Rosin pentaerythritol ester · Esterification · Stability
1 Introduction Rosin is an extremely important chemical raw material, with advantageous features such as moisture resistance, antiseptic properties, emulsification and softening properties, and so on [1]. However, it also has some disadvantages, such as sensitivity to light and heat, easy oxidation, high acid value, and, in some instances, its aforementioned low softening point, which greatly limit its industrial application [2]. In order to overcome these drawbacks, the most commonly used modification method for rosin is that of esterif
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