Prevention of surgical site infection under different ventilation systems in operating room environment
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Prevention of surgical site infection under different ventilation systems in operating room environment Zhijian Liu (✉)1, Haiyang Liu1, Hang Yin2, Rui Rong1, Guoqing Cao (✉)3, Qihong Deng4 1 Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-2800 Kgs, Denmark 3 Institute of Building Environment and Energy, China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, China 4 School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China*
HIGHLIGHTS
GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
• The effectiveness of four different ventilation systems was compared in depth. • Airflow and bacteria-carrying particles concentration were quantitatively analyzed. • Vertical laminar airflow with high airflow rate could not achieve desired effect. • Temperature-controlled airflow ventilation could guarantee air cleanliness.
ARTICLE INFO Article history:
Received 26 February 2020 Revised 27 April 2020 Accepted 16 May 2020 Available online 13 August 2020 Keywords: Operating room (OR) Bacteria-carrying particles (BCPs) Surgical site infections (SSIs) Ventilation
ABSTRACT Biological particles in the operating room (OR) air environment can cause surgical site infections (SSIs). Various ventilation systems have been employed in ORs to ensure an ultraclean environment. However, the effect of different ventilation systems on the control of bacteria-carrying particles (BCPs) released from the surgical staff during surgery is unclear. In this study, the performance of four different ventilation systems (vertical laminar airflow ventilation (VLAF), horizontal laminar airflow ventilation (HLAF), differential vertical airflow ventilation (DVAF), and temperature-controlled airflow ventilation (TAF)) used in an OR was evaluated and compared based on the spatial BCP concentration. The airflow field in the OR was solved by the Renormalization Group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model, and the BCP phase was calculated by Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) and the discrete random walk (DRW) model. It was found that the TAF system was the most effective ventilation system among the four ventilation systems for ensuring air cleanliness in the operating area. This study also indicated that air cleanliness in the operating area depended not only on the airflow rate of the ventilation system but also on the airflow distribution, which was greatly affected by obstacles such as surgical lamps and surgical staff. © Higher Education Press 2020
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Introduction
Following the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and influenza H1N1 viral infections, the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China has once
✉ Corresponding authors E-mail: [email protected] (Z.Liu); [email protected] (G.Cao) Special Issue—Bioaerosol, Environment and Health (Responsible Editors: Can Wang, Jungho Hwang, Jingkun Jiang & Maosheng Yao)
again drawn worldwide attention to infectious diseases. The process of biological particles such as viru
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