Principal component analysis approach for comprehensive screening of salt stress-tolerant tomato germplasm at the seedli
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Principal component analysis approach for comprehensive screening of salt stress-tolerant tomato germplasm at the seedling stage J SIVAKUMAR1, JOHN ELIA P PRASHANTH1, N RAJESH1, SRIDHAR M REDDY2 and OSMAN BASHA PINJARI1* 1
2
Department of Genetics and Genomics, Yogi Vemana University, YSR Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516 005, India
Department of Environmental Sciences, Yogi Vemana University, YSR Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516 005, India *Corresponding author (Email, [email protected]) MS received 15 May 2020; accepted 9 October 2020
Salt stress is a major abiotic factor that affects the growth and yield of crops. The present study was carried out to assess the salt tolerance among the Arka Samrat, Arka Rakshak, YVU-1, S-22, YVU-2, and PKM-OP tomato germplasms using principal component analysis (PCA). Different salt (NaCl) concentrations like control, 0.04 M, 0.12 M, and 0.20 M were selected in order to classify them into sensitive and tolerant tomato germplasms based on 13 parameters. A significant variation was observed among the selected tomato germplasms towards salinity tolerance at the seedling stage. Shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight parameters of the seedlings were decreased linearly with an increase in the external NaCl concentration. Salinization of plants has shown to reduce K? content and increase in the Na? accumulation, Ca2?, and Catalase activity. Salt stress also increased electrolyte leakage and reduced relative water content of all germplasms. The maximum parameters were less affected in Arka Rakshak and Arka Samrat compared to the remaining germplasms at higher salt stress. The PCA analysis of 13 morphological and physiological variables indicated that Arka Rakshak and Arka Samrat germplasms were salt-tolerant and PKM-OP was susceptible. Thus PCA analysis results are useful for the identification of resistance and sensitive germplasms at the seedling stage. Keywords. Flame photometer; principal component analysis; salinity; seedling stage; sodium accumulation; tomato crop
1. Introduction Salt stress is considered to be the most serious problem among the numerous abiotic stresses that negatively affect crop yield in arid and semi-arid regions (Khan et al. 2016; Ghafoor et al. 2015). Salinization leads to an accumulation of water-soluble salts by which fertile lands gradually transforms into infertile soils. At present, more than 20% of the world’s irrigated land (6% of the total land area) has been affected by salinization (Mickelbart et al. 2015). Saline soils have an electrical conductivity (EC) of more than 4 dS/m are considered equivalent to approximately 40 mM NaCl (Munns and http://www.ias.ac.in/jbiosci
Tester 2008). The proportion of land impacted by salt stress alone or cumulatively with other stresses is expected to intensify in the immediate future. On the other hand, the current world population of 7.5 billion is projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050 (www. worldometers.info). Hence, there is
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