Principles and Perspectives in Cosmochemistry Lecture Notes of the K
A fundamental question in contemporary astrophysics is the origin of the elements. Cosmochemistry seeks to answer when, how and where the chemical elements arose. Quantitative answers to these fundamental questions require a multi-disciplinary approach in
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A. Goswami B.E. Reddy Editors
Principles and Perspectives in Cosmochemistry Lecture Notes of the Kodai School on “Synthesis of Elements in Stars” First Kodai-Trieste Workshop on held at Kodaikanal India, Plasma AstrophysicsObservatory, held in Kodaikanal, April 29 – May27–September 13, 2008 India, August 7, 2007
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Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7395
Principles and Perspectives in Cosmochemistry Lecture Notes of the Kodai School on ‘Synthesis of Elements in Stars’ held at Kodaikanal Observatory, India, April 29-May 13, 2008
Aruna Goswami Editor Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India
B. Eswar Reddy Editor Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India
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Editors Aruna Goswami Indian Institute of Astrophysics 2nd Block, Koramangala Bangalore 560034 India [email protected]
B. Eswar Reddy Indian Institute of Astrophysics 2nd Block, Koramangala Bangalore 560034 India [email protected]
ISSN 1570-6591 e-ISSN 1570-6605 ISBN 978-3-642-10351-3 e-ISBN 978-3-642-10352-0 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-10352-0 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010921800 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: eStudio Calamar S.L. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
The origin of elements is among the fundamental aspects of our universe; cosmochemistry tries to answer when, how and where the chemical elements arose after hydrogen was created during primordial nucleosynthesis following the Big Bang. However, quantitative answers to these fundamental questions began to emerge only in the late fifties, with the pioneering works of Burbidge, Burbidge, Fowler and Hoyle, and Cameron. Since then there had been significant progress in the understanding of synthesis of elements in stars. Cosmochemistry, however, remains a fertile area of research, as there remain many outstanding problems. A comprehensive approach to cosmochemistry requires a combination of a number of topics like primordial nucleosynthesis, stellar nucleosynthesis, explosive nucleosynthesis and solar abundance. The Kodai school on ‘Sy
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