Prison Riots in Britain and the USA
'This is among the handful of prison books - they include George Jackson's Soledad Brother and BB Michael Ignatieff's A Just Measure of Pain - which moves and informs. The sociology of prison riots,MM the causes of outbreak and the nature of the reactions
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Also by Robert Adams A MEASURE OF DIVERSION: Case Studies in I.T. (with S. Allard, J. Baldwin and J. Thomas) PROBLEM SOLVING THROUGH SELF-HELP GROUPS (with G. Liden.field) PROTESTS BY PUPILS: Empowerment, Schooling and the State SELF-HELP. SOCIAL-WORK AND EMPOWERMENT
Prison Riots in Britain and the USA Robert Adams
Head of Social Work and Professional Studies, University of Humberside, Hull
Jo Campling Consultant Editor
M
MACMILLAN
© Robert Adams 1992, 1994 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WI P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First edition 1992 Second edition 1994 Published by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-349-23587-2 (eBook) ISBN 978-0-333-62505-7 DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-23587-2
To James and Rosa Adams
Contents Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition
IX
xi
1
Prison Riots: Problems and Perspectives
1
2
Narratives of Imprisonment and Rioting
27
3
Prison Riots in the US
46
4
Prison Riots in Britain
104
5
Responses to Prison Riots
170
6
Explaining Prison Riots
192
7
Prospects of Prison Riots
218
Bibliography
238
Appendix
259
Index
285
vii
Preface to the Second Edition I welcome, and thank my publishers, for the opportunity to make minor corrections in producing this new edition, and add the appendix chronicling prison riots. Unfortunately though, it is easier to update the text of this book than to refashion the fabric of penal policy and penal institutions. In the year since this book was first published, prison riots in both Britain and the USA have continued to claim their share of media attention, and rioting prisoners have attracted the customary knee-jerk responses from many politicians and officials - all too often in the recommendation of more prison-building and tougher conditions inside prisons. If Britain's incarceration rate remains high- higher than that of any other country in Western Europe- the proportion of the population of the USA imprisoned is three times higher, the highest rate in the world. The cost of imprisonment is climbing, in absolute and relative terms. The USA now spends more on incarcerating and supervising criminals than on benefits to unemployed people. It is cheaper to send a young person to university than to prison. Texas has one-third of the population of Britain, but locks up almost 60 000 offenders, compared with about 45 000
