Privacy-Aware Authentication for Wi-Fi Based Indoor Positioning Systems
Indoor location-based application and services have drawn businesses attention as they have shown advances in conjunction with a growing importance of ubiquitous computing and context-dependent information. However, current systems have serious problems i
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Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador [email protected] 2 Facultad de Ingeniería de Sistemas, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador {sang.yoo,jhonattan.barriga}@epn.edu.ec
Abstract. Indoor location-based application and services have drawn businesses attention as they have shown advances in conjunction with a growing importance of ubiquitous computing and context-dependent information. However, current systems have serious problems in terms of privacy since attackers can track users by analyzing information captured from the network such as MAC addresses. In this situation, this work provides a practical solution to the privacy issue in indoor positioning systems. We propose the usage of pseudo-certificates issued by third-party authorities for anonymous auhentication of mobile devices. The proposed scheme provides privacy to users while providing governmental authorities the possibility to analyze the historical position of users when they are required. The proposed anonymous authentication system offers highest level of security while maintain minimal cryptographic overhead. Keywords: Privacy Anonymous authentication Indoor positioning system IPS WLAN
1 Introduction Indoor location techniques have captured the attention of research and industrial institutions, particularly in fields such as healthcare, national defense, social life, and Internet of things [1–3]. According to [1], people spend more than 80% of their time living indoors, which means that there is a need on having an adequate indoor location based services. The widely known positioning services based on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) is not recommended for indoor usage since they have signal loss and/or position accuracy problems because of the interference of Non Line Sight (NLOS) [1, 4]. In this situation, several technologies have been proposed for Indoor positioning systems. Among those, Wi-Fi technology has been considered important by the scientific community as it is widely used in private and public organizations [5]. To improve the accuracy of Wi-Fi based location systems, several algorithms have been proposed to improve its precision level while reducing the number of antennas. RADAR [6], RADAR with VL (Viterbi-like) [7], FBCM (Friis Based Calibrated © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 L. Batten et al. (Eds.): ATIS 2017, CCIS 719, pp. 201–213, 2017. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5421-1_17
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S.G. Yoo and J.J. Barriga
Model) [8] are some examples of such position computation algorithms which are based on Signal Strength (SS) cartography or propagation models [4]. However, even though Indoor Positioning Systems (IPSs) have denoted significant advances for improving accuracy, there are still issues in regarding to privacy of users, since some information can be directly acquired from protocol headers without consent of users [5, 9–11]. Because of this situation, several works such as [12] indicated the need for addressing the privacy issue when i
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