Private Voluntary Support to Public Universities in the United States: An Early History

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Private Voluntary Support to Public Universities in the United States: An Early History Received (in revised form): January 3, 2003

Samuel G. Cash Samuel G. Cash is Vice President for Institutional Advancement at Truett-McConnell College in Cleveland, Georgia. He completed his doctoral degree in higher education at the University of Georgia in December 2000. His research interests include philanthropy and finance in higher education. He is the cowinner of the 2002 John Grenzebach Research Award for outstanding doctoral dissertation in the area of educational fund raising, which is given each year by CASE. Dr. Cash has served various other nonprofit organizations and is a former staff member of PricewaterhouseCoopers. He is a certified public accountant.

Abstract Recent trends in voluntary support of higher education indicate that public institutions are in greater competition for limited philanthropic resources with private institutions, at times blurring the distinction between public and private institutions, especially in the area of fund raising and institutional advancement. The question arises whether public institutions historically have relied on private voluntary support and how the pattern of support developed in response to the expanding requirements of these institutions over time. This study explores the early history of private voluntary support of public research universities in the United States from the time of the Author’s Contact Address: Dr. Sam Cash Vice President of Institutional Advancement Truett-McConnell College 100 Alumni Drive Cleveland, GA 30528, USA Tel: +1 706 865 2134 Fax: +1 706 219 1744 Email: [email protected]

chartering of the first state university in 1785 through much of the antebellum period. This early history indicates that the first state universities, without a model for a type of institution free from sectarian control and reliant on the state for support, followed patterns of raising support established by the colonial colleges and relied on a combination of public and private support. These patterns provide the foundation for good practice in fund raising today. Keywords: public universities, fund raising, voluntary support, history of higher education

Introduction When the University of Michigan became the first major public research university in the United States to mount a $1 billion capital campaign in 1992, President James Duderstadt commented that ‘‘private support is absolutely critical.’’1 Five years later Duderstadt used the phrase ‘‘privately financed public university’’ in a speech on the future of the nation’s top public

THE CASE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL ADVANCEMENT. VOL.4 NO.1 65–76 ª COUNCIL FOR ADVANCEMENT & SUPPORT OF EDUCATION/HENRY STEWART PUBLICATIONS 2003. ISSN 1467-3657.

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Samuel G. Cash

research universities; he noted ‘‘we used to be state-supported, then state-assisted, and now are state located.’’2 In terms of voluntary support raised by private and public institutions today, there is little distinction between the two domains. For