Probing surface interactions of underwater oleophobic polyelectrolyte multilayers
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Probing surface interactions of underwater oleophobic polyelectrolyte multilayers Kai Li1 · Wei Wang1 · Zhi‑Peng Yu1 · Hang Jin1,2 · Yun‑Tong Ge1 · Wei‑Wei Gao1 · Fan Xiao1 · Hui‑Rong Huang1 · Ze‑Heng Peng1 · Jing Gong1 Received: 16 May 2020 / Accepted: 3 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract In the present work, the interaction mechanism of specific polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs), fabricated by layer-by-layer deposition of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), is studied using atomic force microscopy. The underwater oil-repellency of PSS-capped PEMs was further explored by measuring the interaction forces between tetradecane droplets and PEMs-coated silica substrates under various salinities. The force curves were analyzed following the Stokes–Reynolds–Young–Laplace theoretical model. Desirable consistency was achieved between the experimental and theoretical calculations at low NaCl concentrations (0.1 mM and 1 mM); however, underestimation of the attractive force was found as the NaCl concentration increases to moderate (10 mM) and high (100 mM) levels. Discrepancy analyses and incorporated features toward a reduced surface charge density were considered based on the previous findings of the orientation of anionic benzenesulfonate moieties (Liu et al. in Angew Chem Int Ed 54(16):4851–4856, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201411992). Short-range steric hindrance interactions were further introduced to simulate “brush” effect stemming from nanoscale surface roughness. It is demonstrated in our work that the PSS-capped PEMs remains a stable underwater lipophobicity against high salinity, which renders it potential application in surface wetting modification and anti-fouling. Keywords Lipophobicity · Salinity · AFM · Polyelectrolyte multilayers · Surface roughness
1 Introduction The wettability of solid surface has long been the spotlight of scientific research due to its substantial application in lubrication, waterproofing, antifouling, self-cleaning, and Edited by Xiu-Qiu Peng Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12182-020-00521-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Wei Wang [email protected] 1
National Engineering Laboratory for Pipeline Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection Technology on Water Transport, Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin 300456, China
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oil/water separation, in relation to industrial engineering applications such as in agricultural pesticide, electric power transmission, detergents, petroleum production, material modification, and biomedicine (Zheng et al. 2010; Guo et al. 2012; Song et al. 2019; Rostami et al. 2019; Ehsan et al. 2019; Luo et al. 2016; Sudha et al. 2019; Ahmadi et al. 2020). The f
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