Procedural modelling of terrains with constraints
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Procedural modelling of terrains with constraints Cristina Gasch1
· Miguel Chover1 · Inmaculada Remolar1 · Cristina Rebollo1
Received: 30 September 2019 / Revised: 26 May 2020 / Accepted: 28 July 2020 / © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Terrain is an essential part of any outdoor environment and, consequently, many techniques have appeared that deal with the problem of its automatic generation, such as procedural modeling. One form to create terrains is using noise functions because its low computational cost and its random result. However, the randomness of these functions also makes it difficult to have any control over the result obtained. In order to solve the problem of lack of control, this paper presents a new method noise-based that allows procedural terrains creation with elevation constraints (GPS routes, points of interest and areas of interest). For this, the method establishes the restrictions as fixed values in the heightmap function and creates a system of equations to obtain all points that they depend this restrictions. In this way, the terrain obtained maintains the random noise, but including the desired restrictions. The paper also includes how we apply this method on large terrain models without losing resolution or increasing the computational cost excessively. The results show that our method makes it possible to integrate this kind of constraints with high accuracy and realism while preserving the natural appearance of the procedural generation. Keywords Terrain modelling · Procedural generation · Perlin noise · GPS routes
1 Introduction The representation of natural environments is essential in a wide range of applications, such as geographic information systems [41], flight simulations or videogames. The terrain is a Cristina Gasch
[email protected] Miguel Chover [email protected] Inmaculada Remolar [email protected] Cristina Rebollo [email protected] 1
Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castelln, Spain
Multimedia Tools and Applications
crucial part of these outdoor environments and its representation has been widely analyzed in the literature [39, 42]. Some studies search to extract real data [23], but this limits the results to the real world and it is not always possible to obtain all real data to be able to represent them. That is why automatic terrain generation is very important, a field of research still active. Taking advantage of their fractal dimensions [24, 38], many studies have appeared in the literature that address the automation of its creation process [40], mainly using procedural modelling. This modelling method has been applied to represent many features related to terrains, including roads, trees, villages, cityscapes [10, 19, 30], or even to represent atmospheric phenomena [36]. According to the work of Smelik et al. [46], procedural modelling were initially based on subdivision processes, in which the height map was iteratively created and, in order to create the elevation, a controlled amount of
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