Proceedings of 3rd International Sustainable Buildings Symposium (ISBS 2017)
This book describes the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of building design, environmental engineering and sustainability as presented by leading international researchers, engineers, architects and urban planners at the 3rd Int
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Seyhan Fırat John Kinuthia Abid Abu-Tair Editors
Proceedings of 3rd International Sustainable Buildings Symposium (ISBS 2017) Volume 2
Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering Volume 7
Series editors Marco di Prisco, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Sheng-Hong Chen, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Giovanni Solari, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy Ioannis Vayas, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering (LNCE) publishes the latest developments in Civil Engineering—quickly, informally and in top quality. Though original research reported in proceedings and post-proceedings represents the core of LNCE, edited volumes of exceptionally high quality and interest may also be considered for publication. Volumes published in LNCE embrace all aspects and subfields of, as well as new challenges in, Civil Engineering. Topics in the series include: – Construction and Structural Mechanics – Building Materials – Concrete, Steel and Timber Structures – Geotechnical Engineering – Earthquake Engineering – Coastal Engineering – Hydraulics, Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering – Environmental Engineering and Sustainability – Structural Health and Monitoring – Surveying and Geographical Information Systems – Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) – Transportation and Traffic – Risk Analysis – Safety and Security
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15087
Seyhan Fırat John Kinuthia Abid Abu-Tair •
Editors
Proceedings of 3rd International Sustainable Buildings Symposium (ISBS 2017) Volume 2
123
Editors Seyhan Fırat Gazi University Ankara Turkey
Abid Abu-Tair The British University in Dubai Dubai United Arab Emirates
John Kinuthia University of South Wales Pontypridd UK
ISSN 2366-2557 ISSN 2366-2565 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering ISBN 978-3-319-64348-9 ISBN 978-3-319-64349-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64349-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017949488 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or
