Proceedings of AICCE'19 Transforming the Nation for a Sustainable To
This book gathers the latest research, innovations, and applications in the field of civil engineering, as presented by leading national and international academics, researchers, engineers, and postgraduate students at the AWAM International Conference on
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Fadzli Mohamed Nazri Editor
Proceedings of AICCE’19 Transforming the Nation for a Sustainable Tomorrow
Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering Volume 53
Series Editors Marco di Prisco, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Sheng-Hong Chen, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Ioannis Vayas, Institute of Steel Structures, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece Sanjay Kumar Shukla, School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia Anuj Sharma, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA Nagesh Kumar, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Chien Ming Wang, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering (LNCE) publishes the latest developments in Civil Engineering—quickly, informally and in top quality. Though original research reported in proceedings and post-proceedings represents the core of LNCE, edited volumes of exceptionally high quality and interest may also be considered for publication. Volumes published in LNCE embrace all aspects and subfields of, as well as new challenges in, Civil Engineering. Topics in the series include: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Construction and Structural Mechanics Building Materials Concrete, Steel and Timber Structures Geotechnical Engineering Earthquake Engineering Coastal Engineering Ocean and Offshore Engineering; Ships and Floating Structures Hydraulics, Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Environmental Engineering and Sustainability Structural Health and Monitoring Surveying and Geographical Information Systems Indoor Environments Transportation and Traffic Risk Analysis Safety and Security
To submit a proposal or request further information, please contact the appropriate Springer Editor: – Mr. Pierpaolo Riva at [email protected] (Europe and Americas); – Ms. Swati Meherishi at [email protected] (Asia—except China— and Australia/NZ); – Ms. Li Shen at [email protected] (China). Indexed by Scopus
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15087
Fadzli Mohamed Nazri Editor
Proceedings of AICCE’19 Transforming the Nation for a Sustainable Tomorrow
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Editor Fadzli Mohamed Nazri School of Civil Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang, Malaysia
ISSN 2366-2557 ISSN 2366-2565 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering ISBN 978-3-030-32815-3 ISBN 978-3-030-32816-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32816-0 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter develo
