Process for recycle of spent lithium iron phosphate battery via a selective leaching-precipitation method
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Process for recycle of spent lithium iron phosphate battery via a selective leaching-precipitation method LI Hao-yu(李昊昱), YE Hua(叶华), SUN Ming-cang(孙明藏), CHEN Wu-jie(陈武杰) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China © Central South University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract: Applying spent lithium iron phosphate battery as raw material, valuable metals in spent lithium ion battery were effectively recovered through separation of active material, selective leaching, and stepwise chemical precipitation. Using stoichiometric Na2S2O8 as an oxidant and adding low-concentration H2SO4 as a leaching agent was proposed. This route was totally different from the conventional methods of dissolving all of the elements into solution by using excess mineral acid. When experiments were done under optimal conditions (Na2S2O8-to-Li molar ratio 0.45, 0.30 mol/L H2SO4, 60 °C, 1.5 h), leaching efficiencies of 97.53% for Li+, 1.39% for Fe3+, and 2.58% for PO43− were recorded. FePO4 was then recovered by a precipitation method from the leachate while maintaining the pH at 2.0. The mother liquor was concentrated and maintained at a temperature of approximately 100 °C, and then a saturated sodium carbonate solution was added to precipitate Li2CO3. The lithium recovery yield was close to 80%. Key words: lithium iron phosphate batteries; selective leaching; recovery; sodium persulfate; lithium carbonate Cite this article as: LI Hao-yu, YE Hua, SUN Ming-cang, CHEN Wu-jie. Process for recycle of spent lithium iron phosphate battery via a selective leaching-precipitation method [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2020, 27(11): 3239−3248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-020-4543-3.
1 Introduction Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are important energy storage devices for lightweight and mobile commerce applications compared to ordinary batteries [1]. Owing to their high energy density, inflated energy capacity, higher battery voltage, wide operating temperature range, and high stability in charge-discharge cycles, LIBs have been widely applied in numerous electronic devices, such as computers, digital camcorders, and mobile telephones, and also as energy-storage systems in power sources for electric cars [2−4] . The growing energy demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and consumer electronics (CE) has boosted the proliferation of discarded batteries and increased
environmental pollution. Approximately 13000 t of LiFePO4 materials were spent worldwide in making LiFePO4 batteries in 2014. China’s LiFePO4 exportation was close to 33000 t, accounting for 65% of the global market in 2015. Meanwhile, the LiFePO4 markets are expected to expand continuously and the average growth rate from 2016 to 2020 is estimated at 20% [5]. LIB manufacturers will be forced to face the difficulties of waste disposal when their service life ends. Therefore, it is imperative for researchers to find an effective method of disposal that avoids environmental pollution and was
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