Prognostic measurement for equines with colic
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Prognostic measurement for equines with colic Áthila Henrique Cipriano da Costa 1 & Gabriel da Silva Correia 2 & Daniel de Medeiros Assis 2 & Higina Moreira Melo 1 & Vinícius Nogueira Azevedo Nunes 2 & Gilzane Dantas Nóbrega 1 & Izabely Maria Lira Nunes 2 & Cinthia Dayanne Sena Lima 2 & Antônio Fernando de Melo Vaz 1 Received: 15 June 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Colic syndrome is considered one of the main diseases in equine medicine due to the mortality involved. This alteration of the gastrointestinal tract, mainly ischemic, may cause changes in glucose and lactate values in blood and peritoneal fluid samples. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of glucose and lactate in peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid in horses with different etiologies and degrees of severity of colic. The time to presentation, type of colic, evolution, and treatment were also evaluated by clinical examination and surgical procedure. Hyperglycemia was observed in 66.6% of the cases and related to the need for surgical intervention. High concentrations of lactate in the peritoneal fluid were also observed in 66.6% of the animals, being a good indicator of prognosis. Small colon involvement with areas of necrosis appeared more frequently, and no such cases are successfully treated. Therefore, the measurement of serum glucose and the lactate in the peritoneal fluid may indicate, respectively, the need for surgery and prognosis in horses with colic. Keywords Horse . Acute abdomen . Surgery . Peritoneal . Prognosis
Introduction Colic syndrome is characterized by a set of symptoms that manifest abdominal pain and gastrointestinal involvement. Hyperglycemia routinely described in equines with colic may be associated with stress, excitability, and pain, common findings at the beginning of intestinal obstructions (Pusterla and Higgins 2018). In addition, peritoneal fluid glucose has been used as an indicator of septic peritonitis (Mair et al. 2002). Pusterla and Higgins (2018) further describe that the reference value for peritoneal lactate in healthy animals does not exceed 1 mmol/L. We believe that in the case of intestinal ischemia, the membrane permeability of enterocytes is modified, allowing intraluminal and intracellular components, including lactate, to escape to the abdominal cavity as well as to
* Antônio Fernando de Melo Vaz [email protected] 1
Veterinary Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary University Hospital, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Universitária, S/N, Santa Cecília, Patos, PB CEP 58.708-110, Brazil
2
Large Animal Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary University Hospital, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Brazil
the bloodstream, which can represent a sensitive marker of colic syndrome morbidity. So, according to the high frequency of equines affected by colic at the Veterinary University Hospital (HVU) of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG) located in the semiari
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