Progress on Management of Penile Cancer in 2020
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Genitourinary Cancers (S Gupta, Section Editor)
Progress on Management of Penile Cancer in 2020 Mohamed E. Ahmed, MB, BCh1 Mahmoud I. Khalil, MD2 Mohamed H. Kamel, MD2 R. Jeffrey Karnes, MD1 Philippe E. Spiess, MD3,4,5,* Address 1 Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 2 Department of Urology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR, USA 3 Department of Genito-Urinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA 4 Department of GU Oncology and Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA *,5 Urology and Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA Email: [email protected]
* Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Genitourinary Cancers Keywords Risk factors I Early penile cancer I Advanced penile cancer I Metastatic I Diagnosis I Treatment
Opinion statement Management of penile cancer represents a challenge to urologic oncologists due to the disease’s rarity and sparse data in the literature. Squamous cell carcinoma represents the most common histologic subtype of penile cancer. Penile cancer has a disastrous effect on patients’ psychological and physical health. Penile cancer accounts for approximately 1% of cancer deaths in the USA annually. However, in recent years, the management of penile cancer has achieved marked progress in both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches with the intent to avoid radical surgeries. The traditional total penile amputation has been replaced by penile preserving procedures in many patients. Nowadays, total penile amputation (total penectomy) is preserved only for patients with proximal lesions. The introduction of minimally invasive surgical techniques in the management of penile cancer-infiltrated lymph nodes has been reported. Given the dismal prognosis with conventional cytotoxic therapies, new systemic therapies have been investigated in patients with locally advanced or metastatic penile cancer. Multiple studies have shown promising outcomes. All these efforts have resulted in a remarkable improvement in
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Curr. Treat. Options in Oncol.
(2021) 22:4
patient quality of life. The objectives of our review are to update clinicians on the advances in the management of penile cancer and to summarize the recent guidelines and recommendations.
Introduction Penile cancer is an uncommon disease accounting for less than 1% of diagnosed cancers in men in the USA and leads to 300 deaths annually [1•]. Lack of circumcision, phimosis, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection represent major risk factors of penile cancer [2]. As a result, early penile circumcision has been suggested as one of the most effective prophylactic interventions. Diagnosis of penile cancer is a challenging process that requires careful clinical evaluation, pathological staging, and radiographic assessment. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) made significant changes in penile cancer
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