Projecting the Influence of Global Warming on Physical Activity Patterns: a Systematic Review
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ETIOLOGY OF OBESITY (M ROSENBAUM, SECTION EDITOR)
Projecting the Influence of Global Warming on Physical Activity Patterns: a Systematic Review Ruopeng An 1
&
Jing Shen 2 & Yao Li 3 & Shraddha Bandaru 1
Accepted: 5 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review This study systematically identified and synthesized empirical data-driven modeling studies that projected the future influence of global warming on people’s physical activity patterns. Recent Findings A total of ten studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Global warming, in general, was predicted to be associated with a net increase in active commuting and leisure-time physical activity. However, the specific relationship between climate change and future physical activity patterns was expected to vary by the periods of prediction, geographical locations, population subgroups, and seasons. Moreover, the positive association between global warming and physical activity could level off or be reversed once reaching a temperature threshold. Summary Preliminary evidence suggested a net increase in physical activity by mid- to late-twenty-first century owing to global warming. Future studies should refine the projections by taking into account the indirect effect of global warming through induced natural and human events, and assess effective countermeasures to mitigate the negative impact of global warming on vulnerable population subgroups. Keywords Climate change . Global warming . Physical activity . Systematic review
Introduction Global warming and lack of physical activity (PA) are two unprecedented challenges that humanity faces today. Global warming refers to the gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth’s atmosphere, attributable to the greenhouse effect resulting from excess emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutants [1]. Global warming could lead to volatile weather, heat waves, heavy precipitation, flooding, droughts, intense storms, and sea-level rise [2]. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that between 2030 and 2050, This article is part of the Topical Collection on Etiology of Obesity * Jing Shen [email protected] 1
Brown School, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
2
Department of Physical Education, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
3
Department of Physical Education, Guang Dong Polytechnic College, Zhaoqing 526100, Guangdong, China
climate change would cause approximately 250,000 additional deaths per year due to malnutrition, malaria, diarrhea, and heat stress [3]. The direct cost to health was projected to be between 2 and 4 billion US dollars per year by 2030 [3]. PA contributes to both long-term weight loss and prevention of weight gain following initial weight loss. [4, 5]. Regular engagement in PA confers important health benefits beyond controlling risk factors for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dementia, and certain t
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