Promoting Entrepreneurship: The Role of Educators
New ventures in an economy, like the new sprouts in an ecosystem, have a significant role in stimulating and developing the economy. However, start-up ventures are also saddled with the liabilities of smallness and newness and therefore, are vulnerable to
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Promoting Entrepreneurship: The Role of Educators Mathew J. Manimala
Abstract New ventures in an economy, like the new sprouts in an ecosystem, have a significant role in stimulating and developing the economy. However, start-up ventures are also saddled with the liabilities of smallness and newness and therefore, are vulnerable to various environmental forces. In view of the beneficial impact of new ventures on the economy in terms of innovations, employment generation and wealth creation, governments and other public institutions are interested in facilitating their survival and growth. The focus of such facilitation, for a long time, has been on creating a benign environment for business, which was later found to be ineffective without the simultaneous development of the entrepreneurial orientations and capabilities of the individual. Hence, the focus has now shifted to the field of higher education, which is expected to build entrepreneurial competencies in individuals. While it is possible for higher education to impart the knowledge and, to some extent, the skills necessary for business creation, the attitudes and orientations are formed much earlier through the early (family) socialization and primary level education. It would therefore follow that entrepreneurship education has to start from the early-stage development of the individual, which is the foundation on which the higher education system can further develop the entrepreneurial individual. Once a strong foundation is laid, the efficacy of the higher education system for entrepreneurship development can This paper was presented as a Special Address at the Workshop Organized at Muscat during 17– 19 March 2012 on the theme: “Moving Mountains: Entrepreneurship through Higher Education”, by the Ministry of Higher Education, Sultanate of Oman, in Partnership with the Research Council, Sultanate of Oman, and the Central University of Finance and Economics, China. An earlier version of this paper was presented as a Keynote Address on Entrepreneurship at the 3rd World Congress of the World Federation of the Associations of Colleges and Polytechnics (WFACP) on “Riding the Waves: Educating in Turbulent Times”, Dubai, 8–9 March 2005. Substantive portions of the original presentation were used in the following publication: Manimala, M.J. and Mithra, J. (2008). “Higher Education’s Role in Entrepreneurship and Economic Developement”, in J. Porter (ed), Entrepreneurship and Higher Education, OECD Publishing, Paris, (re-used in this paper with permission from OECD). M.J. Manimala (&) Xavier Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship (XIME), Bangalore, Karnataka, India e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 M.J. Manimala and P. Thomas (eds.), Entrepreneurship Education, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-3319-3_21
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be improved by various initiatives such as: (1) external association and assistance schemes; (2) interdisciplinary programs; (3) specialized offerings in entrepreneurship; (4) entreprene
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