Protective Mechanism and Treatment of Neurogenesis in Cerebral Ischemia
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REVIEW
Protective Mechanism and Treatment of Neurogenesis in Cerebral Ischemia Wanting Li1 · Anqi Ye1 · Luyao Ao1 · Lin Zhou1 · Yunyi Yan1 · Yahui Hu2 · Weirong Fang1 · Yunman Li1 Received: 8 April 2020 / Revised: 18 June 2020 / Accepted: 8 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide and is a main cause of disability in adults. Neither currently marketed drugs nor commonly used treatments can promote nerve repair and neurogenesis after stroke, and the repair of neurons damaged by ischemia has become a research focus. This article reviews several possible mechanisms of stroke and neurogenesis and introduces novel neurogenic agents (fibroblast growth factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, purine nucleosides, resveratrol, S-nitrosoglutathione, osteopontin, etc.) as well as other treatments that have shown neuroprotective or neurogenesis-promoting effects. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Cerebral ischemia · Neurogenesis · Fibroblast growth factors · Purine nucleosides · Resveratrol · S-nitrosoglutathione * Yahui Hu [email protected] * Weirong Fang [email protected] * Yunman Li [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, # 72 GuangZhou Road, Nanjing 210008, People’s Republic of China
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Abbreviations ApoE Apolipoprotein E iNOS Inducible nitric oxide synthase Ara-C Cytosine-b-D-arabinofuranoside IPC Induction of Ischemic preconditioning BBB Blood–brain barrier Ips Induced pluripotent stem cell BCCAO Bilateral common carotid occlusion KA Kainic acid Bcl-2 B cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 MCAO Middle cerebral artery occlusion BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
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MRI Magnetic resonance imaging BMMC Bone marrow mononuclear cell NAD Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide BrdU 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine NF Neurotrophic factor CBF Cerebral blood flow NICD Notch intracellular domains CB-MSC Cord blood mesenchymal stem cells NLI Bioluminescence imaging CCI Controlled cortical impact NPC Neural precursor cells CGN Cerebellar granule neuron NSC Neural stem cells CHA N6-Cyclohexyladenosine OB Olfactory bulb CXCR4 CXC chemokine receptor 4 OGD Oxygen and glucose deprivation DCX Neuroblast-specific doublecortin OPC Oligodendrocytes DG Dentate gyrus OPN Osteopontin Dsh Dishevelled PCR Polymerase chain reaction EGCG (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate PDE5 Phosphodiesterase 5 EGF Epidermal growth factor PEG Polyethylene glycol Enos Endothelial nitric oxide synthase RMS Rostral migratory stream EPO Erythropoietin ROS Reactive oxygen species EPSP Excitatory postsynaptic potential rtPA Recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator ESC Embryonic stem cell SDF-1 Stromal-derived factor-1 FAC Fluorescence activated cell SDS Sodium Danshensu FDA The Food and Drug Administration SG
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