Provenance and paleo-weathering of Paleoproterozoic siliciclastic sedimentary rocks of Bijawar Group, Sonrai Basin, Utta
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Provenance and paleo‑weathering of Paleoproterozoic siliciclastic sedimentary rocks of Bijawar Group, Sonrai Basin, Uttar Pradesh, India: using a geochemical approach Shamim A. Dar1 · K. F. Khan1 · Akhtar R. Mir2 Received: 13 June 2020 / Revised: 6 August 2020 / Accepted: 9 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Shales and sandstones of the Paleoproterozoic Bijawar Group (India) have been studied to decipher their paleo-weathering conditions and provenance based on geochemistry. Shale samples are composed of k-feldspars, mica, quartz, and fine ironoxides, whereas sandstones are composed of quartz and k-feldspars. The predominant positive correlation of K 2O vs TiO2, Na2O vs A l2O3, and K2O vs A l2O3 indicates that the elements are associated with detrital phases. Trace elements Sc, Rb, Ba,Th, Y, and Zr show a strong positive correlation with A l2O3 and K 2O which indicates that the absolute abundances of these elements are controlled mainly by illite. A negative correlation of trace elements Ni, Cu, Co with Al2O3, and K2O represents their presence in iron oxides like magnetite, ilmenite, and hematite. Multi-element Post-Archaean Australian Average Shale (PAAS) normalized spider diagrams show enrichment of V, Pb, Zr, Y, Hf, Th, Rb, and depletion of Ni, Sr, Ba, Nb, U. The depletion of Sr indicates the least enrichment of plagioclase and the same is also supported by negative Euanomaly of the samples, though weak. The chondrite normalized rare earth element (REE) plots show a slightly light-REE (LREE) enriched and flat heavy-REE (HREE) pattern with weak negative Eu anomaly. The overall, high values of L a N/ SmN (avg. 10.49), C eN/YbN (avg.0.37), L aN/YbN (avg. 34.28) and low values of GdN/YbN (avg. 1.82) and TiO2 (0.27–1.82, average 0.92 1800 my)
Vindhyan sandstone, etc.
Quartzite Hadda shale interMember calations Dhori Tuffaceous Sagar shale Member Tuffaceous Bandai shale, Member sandstone Rohini and grit Member Sandy, shaly and dolomitic carbonate rocks Brecciated Brecciquartzated ite with Quartzlensoid ite bodies of Member Gorakalan phosphorite Shale Member Grey, green, and red Jamuni shales with Member carbonate Bandai and phosMember phorite Rohini bands Member Calcareous laminated shale, limestone, dolomite, and grit Banded hematite quartzite, chloritic shale, quartzite, and conglomerate
Solda formation
Sonrai formation
Barwar Formation
Unconformity Bundelkhand group (Archaean > 2500 my)
Bundelkhand Granitoid Complex with pegmatite and quartz veins, etc.
University, Aligarh, India. The whole rock geochemical analysis of these samples was carried out at the National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI), Hyderabad, India. Collapsible aluminum cups were used for the preparation of pressed pellets to determine major element data (Govil 1985). These cups were filled with boric acid and about 1 g of each powdered rock sample was put on top of the boric acid and these cups were subjected to the hydraulic press at 20-ton pressure. The sample pellet
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