Psychological distress and perceived threat serially mediate the relationship between exposure to violence and political
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Psychological distress and perceived threat serially mediate the relationship between exposure to violence and political exclusionist attitude Imelu G. Mordeno 1
&
Johnson K. Badawi 2,3 & Jeane Lucitte Marcera 4 & Jeassa Mae Ramos 5,6 & Priscila B. Cada 6
Accepted: 5 November 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract It is of theoretic, academic, and pragmatic importance to investigate the potential antecedents and mechanisms on the political radicalization of children and adolescents. Emerging studies have noted the relevance of understanding the development of political extremism given its steady increase in the Southeast Asian region. This study responds to this call by investigating potential processes in the formation of political exclusionist attitude among older children and adolescents utilizing the lens of the stress-based model of political extremism. A sample of 641 conflict-exposed high school students answered a packet of scales measuring exposure to violence, psychological distress, perceived threat, and exclusionist attitude. The results revealed that psychological distress and perceived threat serially mediate the relationship between exposure to violence and the formation of exclusionist attitude. These findings demonstrate the contextual validity and applicability of the stress-based model in the context of Filipino children and adolescents and provide important information in the drafting of age-appropriate peace education interventions. Keywords Psychological distress . Perceived threat . Political exclusionist attitude . Exposure to violence
Introduction Political exclusionism is known to be a significant cause of rebellion and political violence (Wimmer et al., 2009), a precipitate of terrorist movement (Laqueur, 2000), a reason for the radicalization and extremism (Klausen, 2005), and an * Imelu G. Mordeno [email protected] 1
Department of Professional Education, College of Education, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Andres Bonifacio Ave., Tibanga, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
2
Department of Political Science, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
3
University for Peace, El Rodeo de Mora, San José, Cd Colón, Costa Rica
4
College of Law, Mindanao State University – Main Campus, Marawi City, Lanao del Sur, Philippines
5
HR Department, Mackun Marketing Co., Inc., Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines
6
Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
embodiment of grievances and intensified discontentment (Choi & Piazza, 2016). A thorough examination in the evolution of political exclusionism in the macro-level necessitates the understanding on the development of political exclusionism in the micro-level, specifically in the formation of political exclusionist attitude. Utilizing the lens of the stress-based model of political extremism (Canetti-Nisim et al., 2009), this study posited that the formati
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